Влияние религиозных взглядов на донорство в репродукции: тенденции и мировой опыт
https://doi.org/10.22394/2073-7203-2022-40-4-219-241
Аннотация
В то время как бесплодие стимулирует рост вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ), религиозно мотивированная оценка репродуктивного донорства и привлечения в процесс рождения третьих лиц влияет на потребителей ВРТ в индивидуальном порядке и на индустрию ВРТ в национальном масштабе. В статье приведен обзор существующих исследований того, как религиозные убеждения различных субъектов — правительств и законодательных органов, медицинских учреждений, доноров и реципиентов, — влияют на их отношение к репродуктивному донорству. Были выбраны три страны, в которых есть доминирующие конфессии, и, что более важно, кон фессии, которые имеют четко сформулированные взгляды на репродуктивное донорство: Израиль, Турция и Польша. Хотя все эти страны придерживаются пронаталистских взглядов, у них есть свои собственные интерпретации того, как должны быть достигнуты пронаталистские цели. Иудаизм и израильское общество положительно оценивает воспроизводство и размножение народа, поэтому они предлагают надежную коллективную поддержку репродуктивным технологиям и донорству. В Турции влияние ислама на правовую и этическую оценку репродукции непрямое, но сильное. Ислам допускает лечение бесплодия только в отношении официально женатых пар. Польские католики активно политически выступают за ограничения ВРТ и публично осуждают либерализацию репродуктивных прав.
Об авторах
И. Полякова
Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина;
Уральский межрегиональный институт общественных наук
Россия
Россия
Ирина Полякова - научный сотрудник
Екатеринбург
А. Андал
Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина
Россия
Россия
Айрин Грейс Андал — младший научный сотрудник Лаборатории сравнительных исследований толерантности и признания
Екатеринбург
Список литературы
1. Acar, F., Altunok, G. (2013) “The ‘Politics Of Intimate’ at the Intersection of Neo-Liberalism and Neo-Conservatism in Contemporary Turkey”, Women’s Studies Interna‑ tional Forum 41(1): 14–23.
2. Arda, B. (2007) “The Importance of Secularism in Medical Ethics: the Turkish Example”, Reproductive BioMedicine Online 14(supp 1): 24–28.
3. Beeson, D., Darnovsky, M., Lippman, A. (2015) “What’s in a Name? Variations in Terminology of Third-Party Reproduction”, Reproductive BioMedicine Online 31(6): 805–814.
4. Birenbaum-Carmeli, D. (2016) “Thirty-five Years of Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Israel”, Reproductive BioMedicine and Society Online 2: 16–23.
5. Birenbaum-Carmeli, D., Carmeli, D. (eds) (2010) “Reproductive Technologies Among Jewish Israelis: Setting the Ground”, in Kin, Gene, Community Reproductive Technologies among Jewish Israelis, pp. 1–48. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
6. Birenbaum-Carmeli, D., Dirnfeld, M. (2008) “In Vitro Fertilisation Policy in Israel and Women’s Perspectives: The More the Better?”, Reproductive Health Matters 16(31): 182–191.
7. Birenbaum-Carmeli, D., Dirnfeld, M. (2008) “The More the Better? IVF Policy in Israel and Women’s Views”, Reproductive Health Matters 16(31): 1–10.
8. Bleich, J.D. (1995) Contemporary Halakhic Problems. New York: Ktav.
9. Boivin, J., Bunting, L., Collins, J.A., Nygren, K. G. (2007) “International Estimates of Infertility Prevalence and Treatment-Seeking: Potential Need and Demand for Infertility Medical Care”, Human Reproduction 22(10): 2800.
10. Dayi, A. Karakaya, E. (2018) “Transforming the Gendered Regime through Reproductive Politics: Neoliberal Health Restructuring, the Debt Economy and Reproductive Rights in Turkey”, Les Cahiers Du CEDREF (22): 158–192.
11. Dzięga, A., Maćkowski, A. (2015) cited in Radkowska-Walkowicz, M. (2018) “How the Political Becomes Private: In Vitro Fertilization and the Catholic Church in Poland”, Journal of Religion and Health 57: 979–993.
12. Fuszara, M. (1997) “Women’s Movements in Poland”, in J.W. Scott, C. Kaplan, D. Keats (eds) Transitions, Environments, Translations, Feminisms in International Politics, pp. 128–142. New York and London: Routledge.
13. Fuszara, M. (2005) “Between Feminism and the Catholic Church: The Women’s Movement in Poland”, Czech Sociological Review 41(6): 1057–1075.
14. Göknar, M. (2018) “Everyday Ontologies and Islam for Childless Women in Northwestern Turkey”, Contemporary Levant 3(1): 56–65.
15. Göknar, M.D. (2015) Achieving Procreation: Childlessness and IVF in Turkey. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.
16. Graff, A. (2003) “Lost between the Waves? The Paradoxes of Feminist Chronology and Activism in Contemporary Poland”, Journal of International Women’s Studies 4(2): 100–116.
17. Graff, A. (2014) “Report from the Gender Trenches: War Against ‘Genderism’ in Poland”, European Journal of Women’s Studies 21(4): 431–435.
18. Grzywacz, A. (2009) “Where Reproductive Rights are a Joke: Poland, Politics and the Catholic Church”, Isis Women. [https://tinyurl.com/yc8zwbda, accessed on 05.07.2021].
19. Grzywacz, A. (2013) “Defending Sexual and Reproductive Rights in Poland: A Pro-Choice Catholic Perspective”, in N. Reilly, S. Scriver (eds) Religion, Gender, and the Public Sphere, pp. 222–231. New York: Routledge.
20. Günay, O., Cetinkaya, F., Nacar, M., Aydin, T. (2005) “Modern and Traditional Practices of Turkish Infertile Couples”, The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 10(2): 105–110.
21. Gürtin, Z.B. (2011) “Banning Reproductive Travel? Turkey’s ART legislation and third-party Assisted Reproduction”, Reproductive Biomedicine Online 23: 555–565.
22. Gürtin, Z.B. (2012) “Assisted Reproduction in Secular Turkey: Regulation, Rhetoric, and the Role of Religion”, in M.C. Inhorn, S. Tremayne (eds) Islam and Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Sunni and Shia Perspectives, pp. 285–312. New York: Berghahn.
23. Gürtin, Z.B. (2016) “Patriarchal Pronatalism: Islam, Secularism and the Conjugal Confines of Turkey’s IVF boom”, Reproductive BioMedicine and Society Online 2: 39–46.
24. Gürtin, Z.B., Inhorn, M.C., Tremayne, S. (2015) “Islam and Assisted Reproduction in the Middle East: Comparing the Sunni Arab World, Shia Iran and Secular Turkey”, in S. Brunn (ed.) The Changing World Religion Map, pp. 3137–3153. Dordrecht: Springer.
25. Guz, H., et al. (2003) “Psychiatric Symptoms in Turkish Infertile Women”, Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology 24(4): 267–271.
26. Haimov-Kochman, R., Rosenak, D., Orvieto, R., Hurwitz, A. (2010) “Infertility Counseling for Orthodox Jewish Couples”, Fertility and Sterility 93(6): 1816–1819.
27. Hall, D. (2012) “Questioning Secularization? Church and Religion in Poland”, In D. Pollack, O. Müller, G. Pickel (eds) The Social Significance of Religion in the Enlarged Europe: Secularization, Individualization and Pluralization, pp. 121–141. Farnham, VA: Ashgate.
28. Hashash, Y. (2010) “Medicine and the State: The Medicalization of Reproduction in Israel”, in D. Birenbaum-Carmeli, D. Carmeli (eds) Kin, Gene, Community Reproduc‑ tive Technologies Among Jewish Israelis, pp. 271–295. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
29. Inglis, T. (1998) Moral Monopoly: The Rise and Fall of the Catholic Church in Modern Ireland. Dublin: University College Dublin.
30. Inhorn, M.C., Birenbaum-Carmeli, D., Tremayne, S., Gürtin, Z.B. (2017) “Assisted reproduction and Middle East kinship: a regional and religious comparison”, Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online 4: 41–51.
31. Ir-Shai, R. (2012) Fertility and Jewish Law Feminist Perspectives on Orthodox Responsa Literature. (J.A. Linsider, trans.) Waltham, M.A.: Brandeis University Press.
32. Isikoglu, M., et al. (2006) “Public Opinion Regarding Oocyte Donation in Turkey: First Data from a secular Population among The Islamic World”, Human Reproduction 21(1): 318–323.
33. Ivry, T. (2010) “Kosher Medicine and Medicalized Halacha: An Exploration of Triadic Relations Among Israeli Rabbis, Doctors, and Infertility Patients”, American Ethnologist 37(4): 662–680.
34. Kahn, S.M. (2000) Reproducing Jews: A Cultural Account of Assisted Conception in Israel. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
35. Kahn, S.M. (2002) “Rabbis and Reproduction: The Uses of New Reproductive Technologies among Ultraorthodox Jews in Israel”, in M.C. Inhorn, F. Balen (eds) Infertility around the Globe: New Thinking on Childlessness, Gender, and Reproductive Technologies, pp. 283–297. Berkeley: University of California Press.
36. Kandiyoti, D., Saktanber, A. (eds) (2002) Fragments of Culture: The Everyday of Modern Turkey. Rutgers University Press.
37. Karaca, A., Unsal, G. (2015) “Psychosocial Problems and Coping Strategies among Turkish Women with Infertility”, Asian Nursing Research 9(3): 243–250.
38. Keddie, N. R. (2003) “Secularisation and its Discontents”, Daedalus 132(3): 14–30.
39. Kılıç, A., Göçmen, İ. (2018) “Fate, Morals and Rational Calculations: Freezing Eggs for NonMedical Reasons in Turkey”, Social Science & Medicine 203: 19–27.
40. Korolczuk, E. (2013) “Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTS) and Nationalistic Discourse in Poland”, in Materials of the Second International Gender Workshop Overcoming Gender Backlash: Experiences of Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Georgia, Armenia and Poland, pp. 26–32. Berlin: Heinrich Boell Foundation.
41. Korolczuk, E. (2014) “Terms of Engagement: Re-defining Identity and Infertility On-line”, Culture Unbound: Journal of Current Cultural Research 6: 431–449.
42. Korolczuk, E. (2015) “Those Who Are Full Can Never Understand the Hungry: Challenging the Meaning of Infertility in Poland”, in A. McGarry, J. Jaspers (eds) Identity Dilemma, pp. 171–191. Temple University Press.
43. Korolczuk, E. (2016) “‘The Purest Citizens’ and ‘IVF Children’: Reproductive Citizenship in Contemporary Poland”, Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online 3: 126–133.
44. Mackler, A. L. (1995) “Cases and Principles in Jewish Bioethics: Toward a Holistic Approach”, in E. Dorff, L. Newman (eds) Contemporary Jewish Ethics and Morality, pp. 177–193. New York: Oxford University Press.
45. Mishtal, J. (2012) “Irrational Non-Reproduction? The ‘Dying Nation’ and the Post Socialist Logics of Declining Motherhood in Poland”, Anthropology and Medicine 2(19): 153–169.
46. Mishtal, J. (2015) The Politics of Morality: The Church, the State, and Reproductive Rights in Postsocialist Poland. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press.
47. Mutluer, N. (2019) “The Intersectionality of Gender, Sexuality, and Religion: Novelties and Continuities in Turkey During the AKP Era”, Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 19(1): 99–118.
48. Nazik, E., Apay, S., Özdemir, F., Nazik, H. (2015) “Traditional Practices of Turkish Infertile Women: an Example from a Rural County”, Collegium Antropologicum 39(1): 21–25.
49. Öztan, E. (2014) “Domesticity of Neoliberalism: Gender, Sexuality and Family in Turkey”, in İ. Akça, A. Bekmen, B. Alp Özden (eds), Turkey Reframed: Constituting Neoliberal Hegemony, pp. 174–187. London: Pluto Press.
50. Polat, N. (2020) “Negotiating Masculinities: Reproductive Technologies, Biosocial Exclusion and Men’s Engagements in Turkey”, NORMA: International Journal for Masculinity Studies 15(3-4): 267–282.
51. Polat, N. (2021) “‘Fantastic Microscopic Hair of Uterus’: Navigating Reproductive Trajectories, Biomedical Bodies and Renegotiation of Heterosexual Femininities and Masculinities”, in H. Alkan, A. Dayı, S. Topçu, B. Yarar (eds) Reproduction, Maternity, Sexuality: The Politics of the Female Body in Contemporary Turkey, pp. 63–83. Dublin: Bloomsbury Publishing.
52. Prainsack, B. (2006) “‘Negotiating Life’: The Regulation of Human Cloning and Embryonic Stem Cell Research in Israel”, Social Studies of Science 36(2): 173–205.
53. Rabinerson, D., et al. (2002) “Subsidised Oocyte Donation in Israel (1998–2000): Results, Costs and Lessons”, Human Reproduction 17(5): 1404–1406.
54. Radkowska-Walkowicz, M. (2012) “The Creation of ‘Monsters’: The Discourse of Opposition to In Vitro Fertilization in Poland”, Reproductive Health Matters 20(40): 30–37.
55. Radkowska-Walkowicz, M. (2014) “Between Advanced Medical Technology and Prayer: Infertility Treatment in Post-Socialist Poland”, Sociologicky CasopisCzech Sociological Review 50(6): 939–960.
56. Radkowska-Walkowicz, M. (2014) “Frozen Children and Despairing Embryos in the ‘New’ Post-Communist State: Debate on IVF in the Context of Poland’s Transition”, European Journal of Women’s Studies 21(4): 399–414.
57. Radkowska-Walkowicz, M. (2018) “How the Political Becomes Private In Vitro Fertilization and the Catholic Church in Poland”, J Relig Health 57: 979–993.
58. Reimann, M. (2016) “‘I Was with My Wife the Entire Time’: Polish Men’s Narratives of IVF Treatment”, Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online 3: 120–125.
59. Sallam, H.N., Sallam, N. H. (2016) “Religious Aspects of Assisted Reproduction”, Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn 8(1): 33–48.
60. Schiff, D. (1995) “Developing Halakhic Attitudes to Sex Preselection”, in W. Jacob, M. Zemer (eds) The Foetus and Fertility in Jewish Law, pp. 90–117. Pitt sburgh and Tel Aviv: Freehof Institute of Progressive Halakhah.
61. Sela, T., et al. (2013) “IVF Treatments in Maccabi HMO 2007–2010 — State of Affairs”, Harefuah 152(1): 11–15.
62. Shalev, C., Gooldin, S. (2006) “The Uses and Misuses of in vitro Fertilization in Israel: Some Sociological and Ethical Considerations”, Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women’s Studies & Gender Issues 12(1): 151–176.
63. Shalev, C., Werner-Felmayer, G. (2012) “Patterns of Globalized Reproduction: Egg Cells Regulation in Israel and Austria”, Israel Journal of Health Policy Research 1(15).
64. Shalev, C., Werner-Felmayer, G. (2012) “Patterns of Globalized Reproduction: Egg Cells Regulation in Israel and Austria”, Israel Journal of Health Policy Research 1(15).
65. Siegel-Itzkovich, J. (2007) “Doctor’s Licence Suspended After He Admitted Removing OVA without Consent”, BMJ 334: 557.
66. Silber, S. (2008) “Infertility, IVF and Judaism”, in B. Rizk, J. Garcia-Velasco, H. Sallam, A. Makrigiannakis (eds) Infertility and Assisted Reproduction, pp. 728–731. Cambridge University Press Sullivan, E.A., et al. (2013) “International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART) World Report: Assisted Reproductive Technology 2004”, Human Reproduction 28(5): 1375–1390.
67. Urman, B., Yakin, K. (2010) “New Turkish Legislation on Assisted Reproductive Techniques and Centres: A Step in the Right Direction?”, Reproductive Biomedicine Online 21(6): 729–731.
68. Vatanoğlu-Lutz, E.E. (2012) “Research on Embryos in Turkey with Ethical and Legal Aspects”, Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association 13(3): 191–195.
69. Wahrman, M.Z. (2002) Brave New Judaism: When Science and Scripture Collide. Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press.
70. Washofsky, M. (2009) “Faith and Fertility in Reform Jewish Thought”, in E. Blyth, R. Landau (eds) Faith and Fertility Attitudes Towards Reproductive Practices in Different Religions from Ancient to Modern Times. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
71. Weiberg-Salzmann, M., Willems, U. (2019) Religion and Biopolitics. Springer.
72. Weiss, M. (2002) The Chosen Body: The Politics of the Body in Israeli Society. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
73. Weitzman, G. (2009) “‘Give me Children or else I am Dead’ Orthodox Jewish Perspectives on Fertility”, in E. Blyth, R. Landau (eds) Faith and Fertility Attitudes Towards Reproductive Practices in Different Religions from Ancient to Modern Times. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
74. Yuval-Davis, N. (1997) Gender and Nation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Полякова И., Андал А. Влияние религиозных взглядов на донорство в репродукции: тенденции и мировой опыт. Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом. 2022;40(4):219-241. https://doi.org/10.22394/2073-7203-2022-40-4-219-241
For citation:
Polyakova I., Andal A. The Impact of Religious Beliefs on Reproductive Donation: Global and National Trends. State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide. 2022;40(4):219-241. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22394/2073-7203-2022-40-4-219-241
Просмотров:
66
Послать статью по эл. почте 