Preview

State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide

Advanced search

Social Status in the Old Irish Immrama

Abstract

The article attempts to identify the social status of some main characters of the Immrama, the old Irish texts about sea journeys. Mael Duin and Ua Corra brothers, with their young age and material disability, remind us a typical fer midboth —  one of the lowest social categories in Early Ireland. The meanings of fuirseóir and crosán are also in the focus, since the former refers to jester or a mountebank, while later has a more widespread semantic range included some penitential aspects of an atonement. A context from the Old Irish Law texts, glossaries and narratives allows us to consider all these ranks and categories as the marginal ones. Constructing Immrama penitential and moral effect a medieval author found such marginals as a perfect role model for his narratives.

About the Author

A. A. Bogdanova
Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University; University of Tyumen
Russian Federation

Anastasiia A. Bogdanova —  Senior Lecturer, Junior Research Fellow;  Junior Research Fellow

Tyumen 

Syktyvkar



References

1. Блаженный Августин. Монологи // Творения. Санкт-Петербург: Алетейя; Киев: УЦИММ-пресс, 2000. Т. 1. С. 313–372.

2. Бондаренко Г. В. Мифология пространства Древней Ирландии. М.: ЯСК, 2003.

3. Ирландские саги / пер. А. А. Смирнова. Л.; М.: Academia, 1929.

4. “Annála Connacht”, CELT. Corpus of Electronic Texts. [https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100011/index.html, accessed on 27.06.2024].

5. “Annals of Loch Cé”, CELT. Corpus of Electronic Texts. [https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100010B.html, accessed on 27.06.2024].

6. Aguirre, M. (1990) “The Hero’s Voyage in Immram Curaig Mailduin”, Études Celtiques 27: 203–220.

7. Atkinson, R. (1887) The Passions and the Homilies from the Leabhar Breac: Text, Translation, and Glossary. Dublin: Hodges Figgis. In 2 vols.

8. Binchy, D. A. (ed.) (1978) Corpus Iuris Hibernici. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. In 6 vols.

9. Breatnach, L. (1989) “The First Third of Bretha Nemed Toísech”, Ériu 40: 1–40.

10. Campbell, J. F., Thomson, D. S. (eds) (1872) Leabhar na Féinne: heroic Gaelic ballads collected in Scotland chiefly from 1512 to 1871. London. Vol 1.

11. Carey, J. (1996) “Saint Patrick, the Druids, and the End of the World”, History of religions 36 (1): 42–53.

12. Charles-Edwards, T. M. (1986) “Críth Gablach and the Law of Status”, Peritia 5: 53–73.

13. CODECS: Online Database and e-Resources for Celtic Studies. [http://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Home, accessed on 20.06.2024].

14. Early Irish Glossaries Database. [https://www.asnc.cam.ac.uk/irishglossaries/, accessed on 20.01.2023].

15. Grosjean, P. (2000) “A Tale of Doomsday Colum Cille Should Have Left Untold”, in Medieval Hagiography: an Anthology, pp. 429–440. New York: Garland.

16. Hancock, W. N. and others (eds) (1865–1901) Ancient Laws of Ireland. Stationery Office. In 6 vols.

17. Haug, W. (2006) “The Little Man on a Leaf and the Two Concepts of the Dutch”, in The Brendan Legend, pp. 81–98. Leiden.

18. Johnston, E. (2003) “A Sailor on the Seas of Faith: the Individual and the Church in The Voyage of Máel Dúin”, in European Encounters: Essays in Memory of Albert Lovett, pp. 239–252. Dublin: University College Dublin.

19. Keating, G. (1908) Foras feasa ar Éirinn: The history of Ireland. London: David Nutt, for the Irish Texts Society. Vol. III.

20. Kelly, F. (1988) A Guide to Early Irish Law. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.

21. Löffler, Ch. M. (1983) The Voyage to the Otherworld Island in Early Irish Literature. Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph D. Salzburg: Institut fur Anglistik und Amerikanistik. Bd. I–II.

22. Mac Cana, P. (2001) “Croesaniaid and crosáin: literary outsiders”, in Cymru a’r Cymry 2000. Trafodion Cynhadledd Milflwyddiant Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru, pp. 19–39. Aberystwyth: Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru.

23. Mac Eoin, G. (2002) “Crosántacht íorónta, a cúlra agus a húdar”, in Téada dúchais, pp. 111–120. Indreabhán: Cló Iar-Chonnachta.

24. MacNeill, E. (1921–1924) “Ancient Irish Law. The Law of Status or Franchise”, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature 36: 272–316.

25. MacNeill, E., Murphy, G. (eds) (1908) Duanaire Finn: The Book of the Lays of Finn. London: David Nutt, for the Irish Texts Society. Vol. I.

26. McLeod, N. (1982) “The two fer midboth and their evidence in court”, Ériu 33: 59–63.

27. McLeod, N. (1986) “Interpreting Early Irish law: Status and Currency (part 1)”, Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 41: 46–65.

28. Meyer, K. (ed.) (1912) “Sanas Cormaic: an Old-Irish Glossary compiled by Cormac úa Cuilennáin, King-Bishop of Cashel in the ninth century”, Anecdota from Irish Manuscripts (IV).

29. Meyer, K. (ed.) (1918) “Senadh Saighri narrator hicc”, Mitteilungen aus irischen Handschriften. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 12: 290–291.

30. Meyer, M. (ed.) (1906) The Triads of Ireland. Dublin: Hodges Figgis.

31. Mulligan, A. C. (2024) “Seaworthy: Irish Immrama, Old Norse Voyage Tales, and the Women of the North Atlantic”, in The Medieval North and Its Afterlife: Essays in Honor of Heather O’Donoghue, pp. 135–150. Berlin, Boston: Medieval Institute Publications.

32. Nutt, A. (1895–1897) “The Happy Otherworld in the Mythico-romantic Literature of the Irish. The Celtic Doctrine of Re-birth” in The Voyage of Bran Son of Febal to the Land of the Living. London. In 2 vols.

33. Ó hÓgáin, D. (1991) Myth, Legend & Romance: an Encyclopaedia of the Irish Folk Tradition. New York: Prentice Hall Press.

34. Ó Macháin, P. (2007) “A crosántacht for Uilliam Búrc”, Celtica. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 25: 175–194.

35. O’Curry, Eu. (1861) Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History. Dublin.

36. Simms, K. (1998) “The Contents of Later Commentaries on the Brehon Law Tracts”, Ériu 49: 23–40.

37. St Gall Priscian Glosses. [http://www.stgallpriscian.ie/, accessed on 27.06.2024].

38. Stern, L. (1899) “Chr. Crosanachd Illebhrighde”, Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 2 (1): 566–588.

39. Stern, L. Chr. (1910) “Crossanacht”, Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 7 (1): 287.

40. Stifter, D. (2006) “Brendaniana, etc.”, Keltische Forschungen 1: 191–214.

41. Stokes, W. (ed. and tr.) (1888) “The Voyage of Mael Duin”, Revue Celtique 9: 447–495.

42. Stokes, W. (ed. and tr.) (1889) “The Voyage of Mael Duin”, Revue Celtique 10: 50–95.

43. Stokes, W. (ed. and tr.) (1901) “The Destruction of Da Derga’s Hostel”, Revue Celtique XXII: 9–61, 165–215.

44. Stokes, W. (ed.) (1860) Irish Glosses: a Mediaeval Tract on Latin Declension, with Examples Explained in Irish, to which are Added The Lorica of Gildas with the Gloss Thereon, and a Selection of Glosses from the Book of Armagh. The Archaeological and Celtic Society.

45. Stokes, W. (ed.) (1890) Lives of Saints from the Book of Lismore. Clarendon press.

46. Stokes, W., Strachan, J. (eds) (1903) Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vol. 2.

47. The electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language. [http://edil.qub.ac.uk/dictionary/, accessed on 20.01.2023].

48. Todd, J. H. (ed. and tr.) (1848) “Of the Miracles of Cairnech”, in Leabhar Breathnach annso sis: the Irish version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius, pp. 178–191. The Irish Archaeological Society.

49. Van Hamel, A.G. (ed.) (2004) Immramа. Dublin: School of Celtic Studies.

50. Varandas, A. (2022) “The Sacred Space of Gods and Saints: Some Considerations about the Sea and Exile in Irish Mythology and Tradition”, in Creating Through Mind and Emotions, pp. 423–428. London: CRC Press


Review

For citations:


Bogdanova A.A. Social Status in the Old Irish Immrama. State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide. 2025;43(4):98-122. (In Russ.)

Views: 14

JATS XML


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2073-7203 (Print)
ISSN 2073-7211 (Online)