Buddhism in Modern China

Abstract

For a millennium and a half, Buddhism has been a traditional component of Chinese culture, a pillar of Chinese spirituality. It also plays an important role in the modern restructuring of Chinese culture. The fate of Buddhism over the past hundred years has reflected the dramatic twists and turns of China’s historical path. The Buddhist community and the educated upper classes have made active use of the resources of Buddhist thought, seeking to make Buddhism an important part of both social order and personal spiritual life. The most fruitful and influential facet of these reflections was the concept of “Human Buddhism” created by the great Buddhist scholar Taisiu. This concept gained recognition both in China and abroad. It opened up new paths for the development of Buddhist thought and practice. The activities of Taisui’s followers have gained prominence and influence in mainland China, Taiwan, and among the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia.