religionГосударство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежомState, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide2073-72032073-7211РАНХиГСreligion-583Research ArticleТЕМА НОМЕРА: РЕЛИГИЯ И ВЛАСТЬ В ИРАНЕTHE THEME OF THE ISSUE: RELIGION AND POWER IN IRANОт «решения мусульманской проблемы» до содействия модернизации: эволюция деятельности миссионеров-пресвитериан в Иране в 1925–1953 годахFrom “Solution of the Moslem Problem” to Promoting Modernization: The Evolution of Presbyterian Missionary Activities in Iran, 1925–1953https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-3254СурковМ. Ю.SurkovM. Yu.

Максим Юрьевич Сурков — доцент кафедры востоковедения

Екатеринбург

Maksim Yu. Surkov — Associated Professor of the Department of Oriental Studies

Yekaterinburg

maksim.surkov@urfu.ruУральский федеральный университет имени Б. Н. ЕльцинаРоссияUral Federal UniversityRussian Federation202602072026442130157Copyright © Сурков М.Ю., 20262026Сурков М.Ю.Surkov M.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/583

В статье анализируется деятельность пресвитериан по распространению христианства в Иране в период правления монархов династии Пехлеви, Реза-шаха (1925–1941) и Мохаммеда Резашаха (с 1941 года до переворота 19 августа 1953 года). Протестанты-пресвитериане закрепились в Иране при династии Каджаров с XIX века благодаря успешным образовательным и медицинским проектам. Династия Пехлеви и ее модернизационный проект предоставили новые возможности, а также поставили новые вызовы для пресвитериан. С точки зрения американских миссионеров, реформы и вестернизация должны были способствовать отдалению иранцев от ислама, а значит следовало их поддержать. Были существенно расширены образовательные проекты: если в прошлом веке преобладали начальные школы, то в XX веке — средние, поскольку пресвитериане рассчитывали влиять на мировоззрение детей иранской элиты. Деятельность больниц также была подчинена цели увеличения числа христиан. Однако проект национальной модернизации Реза-шаха предполагал ограничение влияния внешних игроков в Иране, поэтому работа пресвитериан сталкивалась с серьезными ограничениями. На основе архивных материалов Пресвитерианской церкви США, документов иранских государственных органов и воспоминаний участников событий в статье описываются различные аспекты образовательных, медицинских и иных проектов пресвитериан в Иране.

The article analyses the efforts of Presbyterians to spread Christianity in Iran during the reigns of the monarchs of the Pahlavi dynasty, Reza Shah (1925–1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah (from 1941 until the coup of August 19, 1953). Protestant Presbyterians gained a foothold in Iran under the Qajar dynasty beginning in the 19th century thanks to successful educational and medical projects. The new Pahlavi dynasty and its modernization project presented new opportunities, as well as challenges, for Presbyterians. From the perspective of American missionaries, reforms and Westernization were intended to distance Iranians from Islam and therefore should be supported. Educational projects were expanded: while in the 20th century primary schools predominated, in the 20th century secondary schools became the focus, as Presbyterians hoped to influence the worldview of the children of the Iranian elite. Hospital activities were also subordinated to the goal of expanding the Christian community. However, Reza Shah’s national modernization project envisioned limiting the influence of external actors in Iran, so the Presbyterians’ work faced restrictions. Using archival materials from the Presbyterian Church in the United States, documents from Iranian government agencies, and the recollections of those involved, this article explores various aspects of the Presbyterians’ educational, medical, and other projects in Iran.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.