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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-535</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>VARIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VARIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От «двоеверия» к «религиозному синкретизму»: исследования Н. М. Маторина и его коллег в контексте советской науки o религии 1920–1930-х годов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From “Double-Belief” to “Religious Syncretism”: Research by N. M. Matorin and His Colleagues in the Context of Soviet Religious Studies in the 1920s–1930s</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9685-4577</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колычева</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolycheva</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Екатерина Максимовна Колычева — аспирантка Европейского университета в Санкт­-Петербурге); преподаватель Университета ИТМО</p><p>Санкт­-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina M. Kolycheva — PhD student, European University at Saint Petersburg; Lecturer, ITMO University </p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekolycheva@eu.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге; &#13;
Университет ИТМО<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">European University at Saint Petersburg; &#13;
ITMO University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>153</fpage><lpage>189</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колычева Е.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колычева Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolycheva E.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/535">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/535</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье обсуждаются особенности представлений о крестьянской религиозности в исследованиях советских этнографов 1920–1930-х годов, так или иначе входивших в исследовательские группы под руководством Н. М. Маторина (1898–1936). Научную деятельность Маторина трудно рассматривать вне политической истории советской этнографии, чей статус и задачи пересматривалось на протяжении 1920– 1930-х годов. Термины «двоеверие» и «троеверие» используются Маториным в его ранних работах, а «религиозный синкретизм» становится главным предметом изучения в более поздних исследованиях. Традиционные для «мифологической критики» христианства идеи Маторин дополнял «гипермифологизмом» семантико-палеонтологического подхода. Одной из задач, стоявших перед группой, была демонстрация того, как советское государство вытесняет «старый» быт, производя коллективизацию сельского хозяйства, создавая школы и библиотеки, выводя «деревню» на уровень экономического и хозяйственного развития, близкий к «городу». Однако в текстах самого Маторина уделяется очень мало внимания тому, как «новый» быт уничтожает «старый»: его интерес к семантико-палеонтологическому методу, вероятно, имел целью создание универсальной модели развития культов, которой могли бы напрямую пользоваться антирелигиозные пропагандисты. Очевидно, что в концептуальном отношении идеи и методы, использовавшиеся Маториным и его последователями, были довольно противоречивыми и формировали специфическую этнографическую оптику, определявшуюся идеологическими задачами модернизации и «антирелигиозной борьбы». Вместе с тем эмпирические материалы, собранные участниками группы, позволяют хотя бы отчасти оценить особенности религиозной культуры советской деревни 1920-х — начала 1930-х годов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the peculiarities of the perception of peasant religiosity in the research of Soviet ethnographers of the 1920s–1930s who were members of the research groups led by N. M. Matorin (1898–1936). It is difficult to consider Matorin’s research activities outside the political history of Soviet ethnography, whose status and tasks were revised throughout the 1920s–1930s. In his early works, Matorin used the terms “double-belief” and “triple-belief”, while in later studies “religious syncretism” became the main subject of study. The traditional ideas of “mythological criticism” of Christianity were supplemented by Matorin’s “hypermythologism” of the semantic-paleontological approach. One of the group’s tasks was to show how the Soviet state was displacing the “old” way of life by collectivising agriculture, establishing schools and libraries, and bringing the “village” to a level of economic and social development close to that of the “city”. However, Matorin’s own texts pay very little attention to how the “'new” everyday life destroys the “old” one: his interest in the semantic-paleontological method was probably intended to create a universal model of cult development that could be used directly by anti-religious propagandists. Obviously, conceptually, the ideas and methods of Matorin and his followers were quite contradictory, forming a specific ethnographic “optic” determined by the ideological goals of modernisation and the “anti-religious struggle”. At the same time, the empirical material collected by the group’s members allows us to assess, at least in part, the peculiarities of the religious culture of the Soviet village in the 1920s and early 1930s.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антирелигиозная пропаганда в СССР</kwd><kwd>религиозный синкретизм</kwd><kwd>двоеверие</kwd><kwd>святые места</kwd><kwd>Н. М. 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