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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-530</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>VARIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VARIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпистемологическое лезвие, или Чему нас может научить Батакская миссия?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epistemological Razor, or What Can the Batak Mission Teach Us?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-5543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотухин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotukhin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Всеволод Валерьевич Золотухин — профессор факультета гуманитарных наук, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; ведущий научный сотрудник Института Китая и современной Азии Российской академии наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vsevolod V. Zolotukhin — Professor, Faculty of Humanities of HSE University (Moscow, Russia); Leading Research Fellow, Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vakis2011@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; &#13;
Институт Китая и современной Азии Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE University; &#13;
Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Золотухин В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Золотухин В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zolotukhin V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/530">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/530</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная статья посвящена теологическому наследию Батакской миссии (Рейнское миссионерское общество, РМО). Миссия преследовала цель обращения батакских народов на Северной Суматре (современная Индонезия) в протестантизм. Труд миссионера Иоганна Варнека «Религия батаков» (1909) представляет собой текст, в котором, с одной стороны, представлено максимально корректное описание коренной батакской религии, а с другой — осуществлена ее критика с жестких религиозно‑эксклюзивистских позиций. Подобная конфигурация редка: обычно апологетические тексты развенчивают убеждения иноверцев по старым привычным шаблонам, а религиоведы стремятся максимально сглаживать конфронтационное отношение к иной культуре. Это и есть хождение по «эпистемологическому лезвию»: Варнек никогда не смог бы сам разработать религиоведческие методы, которые он успешно применял, а религиоведы никогда бы не согласились с ключевыми тезисами Варнека. Кейс «Религии батаков» свидетельствует о существовании неочевидной проблемы для дальнейшего изучения: в каких конкретно‑исторических, локальных, религиозно‑политических контекстах могут создаваться тексты, идущие по эпистемологическому лезвию? Совокупность ответов на эти вопросы откроет путь к фундированному рассмотрению вопроса о (не)универсальности западноевропейской методологии научного познания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper focuses on the theology of mission of the Rhenish Missionary Society (RMS). The RMS succeeded in converting the Batak peoples in North Sumatra (present‑day Indonesia) to Protestantism. The work of RMS missionary Johann Warneck “The Batak Religion” (1909), on the one hand, presented the correct description of the indigenous Batak religion, and on the other hand, criticized it from a strict religious‑exclusionist position. Such a configuration is rare: usually apologetic texts debunk the beliefs of opponents by old traditional templates, when scholars of religious studies strive to minimize their confrontation to another culture. This is namely an “epistemological blade”: Warneck could never himself have developed the methods he successfully employed, while scholars of religious studies would never have agreed with Warneck’s relation to the Batak religion. This case highlights an unobvious problem for further study: in what historical, social, religious, political situations can texts that walk the epistemological razor’s edge be produced? Answers to these questions will pave the way to the correct discussion on whether the Western methodology of science is universal.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Рейнское миссионерское общество</kwd><kwd>батаки</kwd><kwd>Индонезия</kwd><kwd>Густав Варнек</kwd><kwd>Иоганн Варнек</kwd><kwd>эксклюзивизм</kwd><kwd>религиоведение</kwd><kwd>эпистемологическое лезвие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Rhenish Missionary Society</kwd><kwd>Bataks</kwd><kwd>Indonesia</kwd><kwd>Gustav Warneck</kwd><kwd>Johann Warneck</kwd><kwd>exclusivism</kwd><kwd>religious studies</kwd><kwd>epistemological razor</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Рейнское миссионерское общество; батаки; Индонезия; Густав Варнек; Иоганн Варнек; эксклюзивизм; религиоведение; эпистемологическое лезвие</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Золотухин В. 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