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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-477</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМА НОМЕРА: ГЛУБИННАЯ ИНДИЯ: ОБЩЕСТВО, РЕЛИГИИ, КУЛЬТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE THEME OF THE ISSUE: DEEP INDIA: SOCIETY, RELIGIONS, CULTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наращивание смыслов и искусство интерпретации: средневековая поэтесса между «элитой» и «глубинным народом»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Building up Meanings and Excelling the Art of Interpretation: A Medieval Poetess between the “Élite” and the “Deep People”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3715-5722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушкова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushkova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Петровна Глушкова — главный научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina P. Glushkova — Principal Research Fellow.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iri_glu@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт востоковедения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Science<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глушкова И.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глушкова И.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glushkova I.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/477">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/477</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья отталкивается от предложенного С. А. Арутюновым концепта «глубинной Индии» и проверяет его на материалах средневековой религиозной поэзии на языке маратхи, посвященной богу Виттхалу/ Витхобе, и практике коллективного вари (паломничества) в его храм в Пандхарпуре. К концу XIX века социальные и религиозные реформаторы и националистические историки из кругов высококастовой элиты осмыслили эти факторы как основу, на которой складывалась этническая общность и идентичность маратхов. Творившие в период с XIII по XVII век гимнописцы впоследствии были признаны национальным достоянием, возведены в ранг «святых» (санты) и использованы в качестве инструмента националистической, политической и социальной индоктринации на разных этапах в дои постколониальный периоды, в особенности в декаду борьбы за организацию монолингвального штата Махараштра (1950‑е годы, столица Бомбей/Мумбаи). В условиях «позитивной дискриминации», осуществляемой в Индии с 1990‑х годов, и укрепления феминистской повестки, значительно выросла роль низкокастовых гимнописцов, среди которых в несомненные лидеры вышла поэтесса‑служанка Дзана‑баи (XIII–XIV века). О ней не имеется никаких достоверных сведений, что оказалось идеальным стартом для формирования в последние полтора века вокруг ее фигуры разновекторных нарративов. Доминировавший на протяжении столетия нарратив, созданный абхиджанами (элита), постепенно вступает в противоречие с альтернативным дискурсом, конструируемым теми, кого элита отгородила от себя, назвав бахуджанами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article takes a clue from the concept of “deep India” proposed by S. A. Arutyunov and tests it on the material of medieval religious poetry in Marathi in praise of the god Vitthal/Vithoba, and the practice of collective vari (pilgrimage) to his temple in Pandharpur. Towards the end of the 19th century, high caste social and religious reformers and nationalist historians took to treat these factors as the basis for evolution of the Marathi ethnicity, identity and ethos. The poets behind this poetry ranging from the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries were eventually valorized as the national treasure, elevated to the rank of sainthood (sants) and made use of as tools of nationalist, political and social indoctrination at various stages during the preand postcolonial periods, especially during the decade of the struggle for a monolingual state of Maharashtra in 1950s. Through the “positive discrimination” strategy under implementation in India since the 1990s and the promotion of the feminist agenda, the role of low‑caste hymn writers has significantly popped up, among whom the maidservant Janabai has emerged as an undisputed leader. Not a single piece of reliable information about her is available, which proved to be an ideal starting point for the formation of multi‑vector narratives around her figure through the course of the last century and a half. The narrative created by the educated élite — abhijan, that had been dominant throughout the last century is gradually coming into conflict with an alternative discourse by the so called bahujan, those whom the elite tried to marginalize.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Махараштра</kwd><kwd>Витхоба/Виттхал</kwd><kwd>бхакти</kwd><kwd>варкари‑пантх</kwd><kwd>Дзана-баи</kwd><kwd>абхиджан vs бахуджан</kwd><kwd>феминизм</kwd><kwd>деревенский фольклор</kwd><kwd>левый вектор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Maharashtra</kwd><kwd>Vithoba/Vitthal</kwd><kwd>bhakti</kwd><kwd>Varkari panth</kwd><kwd>Janabai</kwd><kwd>Abhijan vs Bahujan</kwd><kwd>feminism</kwd><kwd>rural folklore</kwd><kwd>leftist views</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глушкова И. П. Индийское паломничество. Метафора движения и движение метафоры. 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