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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-476</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМА НОМЕРА: ГЛУБИННАЯ ИНДИЯ: ОБЩЕСТВО, РЕЛИГИИ, КУЛЬТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE THEME OF THE ISSUE: DEEP INDIA: SOCIETY, RELIGIONS, CULTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Глубинная Индия накануне больших перемен: опыт этнографических обобщений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Deep India on the Eve of Great Changes: an Attempt of Ethnographic Generalization</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8707-3231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжакова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhakova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Игоревна Рыжакова — ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Ryzhakova — Leading Research Fellow.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sryzhakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт этнологии и антропологии имени Н.Н. Миклухо-Маклая Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рыжакова С.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыжакова С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryzhakova S.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/476">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/476</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуется предложенный С. А. Арутюновым концепт «глубинной Индии», обобщенное обозначение широких групп индийцев, объединенных в разные сообщества (касты, племена, профессиональные и иногда локальные группы) и имеющие ряд сходных черт. Автор анализирует опыт индийско‑советской антропологической экспедиции 1970–1980‑х годов по созданию обобщающей антропологической картины Индии и такие модусы «глубинной Индии», как деревню, сообщества субалтернов и номадов. Консервативная, стабилизирующая социальная стратегия — то, что укрепляет границы относящихся к ним сообществ, в то время как процессы модернизации (постоянно идущие в любом обществе, но не всегда с одинаковой интенсивностью) связаны с преодолением ограничений, с созданием новых технологий и новых социальных отношений. Среди существенных признаков «глубинной Индии», по мнению автора, можно выделить стремление к эндогамности, к социальной сегментации, выстраиванию социальной иерархии, к закреплению связей с определенным местом и пространством, а также к самовоспроизводству путем социализации детей в нормах и традициях данного сообщества и определения круга возможных брачных партнеров. «Глубинную Индию» можно использовать и как обозначение определенных локусов, и как совокупность консервативных социальных практик, понимая всю условность этого термина и учитывая идущие в индийском обществе перемены.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the concept of “deep India,” used by an ethnographer Sergey Arutynov, as a general type designating broad social groups united in different communities (castes and tribes), primarily rural population, largely guided in the organization of their everyday life by traditions, values, norms and established ideas. The author analyzes the experience of the Indian‑Soviet anthropological expedition of the 1970s‑1980s seeking to create a general anthropological picture of India, and such modes of “deep India” as the village, urban worlds of subalterns and nomads, the concepts of “folk”, “ordinary”, “interior”, as well as the specific concept of “tribal”. A conservative, stabilizing social strategy is what shapes the phenomenon of “deep India,” while ongoing modernization processes are associated with the creation of new technologies and new social relations. Some essential features of “deep India,” according to the author, are the tendency towards endogamy and social segmentation, the construction of a social hierarchy, local and territorial connection, as well as self‑reproduction through the socialization of children in the norms and traditions of a given community, with a determined circle of possible marriage partners. “Deep India” can be used both as a designation of certain loci and as a set of conservative social practices, understanding the conventionality of this term and taking into account the changes taking place in Indian society.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глубинная Индия</kwd><kwd>антропология</kwd><kwd>этнография</kwd><kwd>классификации</kwd><kwd>проблема понимания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>deep India</kwd><kwd>anthropology</kwd><kwd>ethnography</kwd><kwd>classifications</kwd><kwd>problem of understanding</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено в рамках гранта РНФ № 24–28–00439 «Глубинная Индия накануне больших перемен: этнографические наблюдения в ходе индо-советских экспедиций 1970–1980-х гг. и современный взгляд», https://rscf.ru/project/24–28–00439/</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 24–28–00439, “Indigenous India on the eve of great changes: ethnographic observations during the Indo-Soviet expeditions of the 1970–80th, and contemporary outlook”. https://rscf.ru/project/24–28–00439/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдушелишвили М. 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