<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2073-7203-2020-38-4-294-317</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">THCDER</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-399</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>VARIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VARIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Епископ Мефодий Кампанский и практика паломничества в Святую Землю из Русского Зарубежья: (пере)изобретение традиции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bishop Methodian Campanian and the Practice of Pilgrimage to the Holy Land of the Russian Emigration: (Re)Invented Tradition</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>Виктория</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>Victoria</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gerasimova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Омский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Dostoevsky Omsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>38</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>294</fpage><lpage>317</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Герасимова В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Герасимова В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gerasimova V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/399">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/399</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена исследованию паломнических практик русских эмигрантов в Святую Землю после Второй мировой войны. Автор анализирует феномен восстановления групповых паломничеств в Святую Землю из Русского Зарубежья как процесс переизобретения паломнической традиции, получившей массовое распространение на рубеже XIX-XX вв. преимущественно в крестьянской среде. Ежегодные паломнические поездки, организованные епископом Кампанским Мефодием Кульманом из Франции, послужили основой для развития целого паломнического движения и формирования сообщества «сопаломников», объединившего русских православных эмигрантов из Западной Европы, Северной и Южной Америки, Северной Африки и Австралии. Воспринимаемое в качестве романтического идеала массовое крестьянское паломничество в Палестину стало источником новых смыслов для паломников второй половины ХХ века. В статье подробно рассматривается процесс постепенной ритуализации и формализации поездок, реконструкции русской ментальной карты Святой Земли, появления новых смыслов «старых» практик (например погребения с использованием савана и земли), а также особенностей формирования паломнического движения как способа преодоления тоски по утраченной Родине и поиска аутентичности посредством воспроизведения институтов прошлого. Делается вывод, что обновленная традиция паломничества в Святую Землю представителей русского зарубежья, выстроенная на основе традиции массового крестьянского паломничества в Палестину и трактуемая в качестве духовного идеала, стала одним из способов консолидации эмигрантов из России в условиях рассеяния.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper deals with the Russian émigrés’ pilgrimage to the Holy Land after the Second World War. The author analyzes the phenomenon of the restoration of group pilgrimages as a process of reinventing the pilgrimage tradition first developed mainly in the peasant milieu at the turn of the twentieth century. The annual trips from France organized by Bishop Methodian Kulman served as the basis for the new pilgrimage movement and the formation of a new community of “co-pilgrims”, uniting Russian Orthodox emigrants from all over the world. Perceived as a romantic ideal, the old peasant pilgrimage to Palestine became a source of new meanings for pilgrims in the second half of the 20th century. The author explores the process of gradual ritualization and formalization of the trips; the reconstruction of the Russian mental map of the Holy Land; the use of the pilgrimage as a way to cope with longing for the lost homeland and seeking authenticity by reproducing institutions of the past. The pilgrimage, interpreted as a spiritual ideal, became one of the ways to consolidate the Russian emigration.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>паломничество</kwd><kwd>Святая Земля</kwd><kwd>святое место</kwd><kwd>русская эмиграция</kwd><kwd>Русская Православная Церковь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pilgrimage</kwd><kwd>Holy Land</kwd><kwd>sacred place</kwd><kwd>Russian emigration</kwd><kwd>Russian Orthodox Church</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда, проект «Воображаемые территории русской идентичности: случай Палестины XIX–XXI вв.» (№ 18-78-10062).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александрова-Осокина О.Н. Паломническая проза 1800-1860-х годов. Священное пространство, история, человек. М.: Флинта, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrova-Osokina, O.N. (2018) Palomnicheskaia proza 1800–1860-h godov. Sviashchennoe prostranstvo, istoriia, chelovek. [Pilgrims’ prose of 1800–1860s. The Sacred space, History, and Human]. M.: Flinta.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляков В.В. Кадеты на Суэцком канале. Эмиграция глазами подростков // Восточный архив. 2008. № 8. С. 50-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyakov, V.V. (2008) Kadety na Suetskom kanale. Emigratsiia glazami podrostkov [Cadets on Suez Canal. Emigration as seen by teenagers] Vostochnyj arkhiv. 8: 50–54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилова А. Записки паломницы. Три паломничества в Палестину: 1945-46-47 годы. Джорданвилль: Типография преп. Иова Почаевского, 1968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Folieva, T.A. (2011) Palomnichestvo kak otrazhenie povsednevnosti [Pilgrimage as a Reflec-tion of Everyday Life] Palomnichestvo i religioznyj turizm: mnogoobrazie interpretacij. Vladimir: izd-vo VlGu.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грушевой А. Г. Императорское Православное Палестинское Общество. Обзор истории до 1917 г. // Вспомогательные исторические дисциплины. 2013. Т. XXXII, № 32. С. 472-497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frey, N. L. (2004) “Stories of the Return: Pilgrimage and Its Aftermath”, in E. Badone, S. Roseman (eds.). Intersecting Journeys. The Anthropology of Tourism and Pilgrimage, pp. 89–109. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Занемонец А. К истории паломничеств на Святую Землю из Русского Зарубежья в 50-х - 70-х годах ХХ века. М.: Индрик, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilova, A. (1968) Zapiski palomnitsy. Tri palomnichestva v Palestinu: 1945–46–47 gody [Pilgrim’s Notes. Three Pilgrimages to Palestine: 1945–46–47] Dzhordanvill’: Tipografiia prep. Iova Pochaevskogo.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кормина Ж.В. Паломники. Этнографические очерки православного номадизма. М.: Высшая школа экономики, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham, S. (1913) With the Russian Pilgrims to Jerusalem. London: Macmillan and co.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лисовой Н.Н. Русское духовное и политическое присутствие в Святой Земле и на Ближнем Востоке в XIX - начале ХХ в. М.: Индрик, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greene, R. (2012) “Bodies in Motion: Steam-Powered Pilgrimages in Late Imperial Russia”, Russian History 39 (1/2): 247–268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Необыкновенное похождение и путешествие русского крестьянина Дементия Иванова Цикулина в Азии, Египте, Восточной Индии с 1808 по 1821 год, им самим описанные // Северный архив. 1825. № 9. С. 47-67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grushevoj, A. G. (2013) Imperatorskoe Pravoslavnoe Palestinskoe Obshchestvo. Obzor istorii do 1917 g. [Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society. A Review of Its History before 1917], Vspomogatel’nye istoricheskie distsipliny XXXII (32): 472–497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Паломнический листок. [Б.м.], 1955-1974.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hobsbawm, E. (2003) “Introduction: Inventing Traditions”, in E. Hobsbawm, T. Ranger (eds.) The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Песнопения для паломников на святых местах Палестины и Синая. Париж: Изд-во Епархиального Палестинского комитета, 1968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hummel, R., Hummel, T. (1995) Patterns of the Sacred. English Protestants and Russian Orthodox Pilgrims of the Nineteenth Centuries. Scorpion Cavendish Ltd.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полетаева А. По Святой Земле. Впечатления паломницы. Бельгия, 1955.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kormina, Zh.V. (2019) Palomniki. Etnograficheskie ocherki pravoslavnogo nomadizma [Pilgrims. Ethnographical Essays of Orthodox Nomadism]. Moscow: Vysshaia shkola ekonomiki.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рапапорт Л. Что я видела на Святой Земле. Париж, 1953.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lisovoj, N.N. (2006) Russkoe duhovnoe i politicheskoe prisutstvie v Svyatoj Zemle i na Blizhnem Vostoke v XIX — nachale XX v. [Russian spiritual and political presence in the Holy Land and the Middle East in the XIX–XX centuries]. M.: Indrik.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Родзянко Л.Э. О Святой Земле и паломничествах. Сборник статей 1952 г. - 1955 г. Париж, 1958.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neobyknovennoe pohozhdenie i puteshestvie russkogo krest’ianina Dementiia Ivanova Tsikulina v Azii, Egipte, Vostochnoi Indii s 1808 po 1821 god, im samim opisannye [Unbelievable Adventure and Travel of Russian Peasant Dementii Ivanov Cikulin in Asia, Egypt, Eastern India from 1808 till 1821, described by himself] (1825), Severnyi arhiv 9: 47–67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серафим (епископ) Паломничество из Нью-Йорка в Святую Землю (через Рим, Афины, Константинополь, Бейрут - на самолете). [New York: Епархиальное издательство], [1953?]-.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palomnicheskii listok [Pilgrims’ Bulletin]. 1955-1974.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спутник паломника по святым местам в пределах Иордании: к 10-му русскому православному паломничеству из Парижа в Святую Землю. Париж, 1963.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pesnopeniia dlia palomnikov na sviatykh mestah Palestiny i Sinaia [Songs for Pilgrims on the sacred places of Palestine and Sinai] Parizh: Izd-vo Eparhial’nogo Palestinskogo komiteta, 1968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спутник паломника по святым местам. Галилея и некоторые другие места Палестины. Париж, 1968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poletaeva, A. (1955) Po Sviatoi Zemle. Vpechatleniia palomnitsy [In the Holy Land. Impressions of Pilgrim]. Bel’gia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фолиева Т.А. Паломничество как отражение повседневности // Паломничество и религиозный туризм: многообразие интерпретаций: сб. науч. ст. / Отв. ред. И.Е. Викулов. Владимир: изд-во ВлГу, 2011. С. 198-208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rapaport, L. (1953) Chto ia videla na Sviatoi Zemle [What I saw in the Holy Land] Parizh.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Якушев М.М. Русское православное паломничество на Ближний Восток в контексте османо-российских отношений (1774-1847 гг.). Индрик, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodzyanko, L.E. (1958) O Sviatoi Zemle i palomnichestvakh. Sbornik statei 1952 g. — 1955 g. [About the Holy Land. Collection of Articles, 1952–1955] Parizh.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott, J.C. (1976) The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale Univ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott, J.C. (1976) The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale Univ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serafim, (episkop) (1953?) Palomnichestvo iz N’iu-Iorka v Sviatuiu Zemliu (cherez Rim, Afiny, Konstantinopol’, Bejrut — na samolete) [Pilgrimage from New York to the Holy Land through Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Bejrut — by plain] [New York: Eparhial’noe izdatel’stvo].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serafim, (episkop) (1953?) Palomnichestvo iz N’iu-Iorka v Sviatuiu Zemliu (cherez Rim, Afiny, Konstantinopol’, Bejrut — na samolete) [Pilgrimage from New York to the Holy Land through Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Bejrut — by plain] [New York: Eparhial’noe izdatel’stvo].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sputnik palomnika po sviatym mestam v predelakh Iordanii: k 10-mu russkomu pravoslavnomu palomnichestvu iz Parizha v Sviatuiu Zemliu [Pilgrims’ Companion to the Holy Places in the borders of Jordan: to the 10th Russian Orthodox Pilgrimage from Paris to the Holy Land]. Parizh, 1963.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sputnik palomnika po sviatym mestam v predelakh Iordanii: k 10-mu russkomu pravoslavnomu palomnichestvu iz Parizha v Sviatuiu Zemliu [Pilgrims’ Companion to the Holy Places in the borders of Jordan: to the 10th Russian Orthodox Pilgrimage from Paris to the Holy Land]. Parizh, 1963.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sputnik palomnika po svyatym mestam. Galileia i nekotorye drugie mesta Palestiny [Pilgrims’ Companion to the Holy Places. Galilee and some other places] Parizh, 1968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sputnik palomnika po svyatym mestam. Galileia i nekotorye drugie mesta Palestiny [Pilgrims’ Companion to the Holy Places. Galilee and some other places] Parizh, 1968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson, E.P. (1971) “The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the 18th Century”, Past and Present 50(1): 76–136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson, E.P. (1971) “The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the 18th Century”, Past and Present 50(1): 76–136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turner V., Turner E. (1978). Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture. Columbia University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turner V., Turner E. (1978). Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture. Columbia University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yakushev, M.M. (2018) Russkoe pravoslavnoe palomnichestvo na Blizhnii Vostok v kontekste osmano-rossijskikh otnoshenii (1774–1847 gg.) [Russian Orthodox Pilgrimage to the Middle East in the context of Ottoman-Russian relations (1774–1847)]. Moskva: Indrik.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakushev, M.M. (2018) Russkoe pravoslavnoe palomnichestvo na Blizhnii Vostok v kontekste osmano-rossijskikh otnoshenii (1774–1847 gg.) [Russian Orthodox Pilgrimage to the Middle East in the context of Ottoman-Russian relations (1774–1847)]. Moskva: Indrik.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zanemonets, A. (2009) K istorii palomnichestv na Sviatuiu Zemliu iz Russkogo Zarubezhia v 50-h — 70-h godah XX veka. [To the History of Pilgrimage to the Holy Land from Russian Émigrés’ Communities in 1950–70s]. Moskva: Indrik.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanemonets, A. (2009) K istorii palomnichestv na Sviatuiu Zemliu iz Russkogo Zarubezhia v 50-h — 70-h godah XX veka. [To the History of Pilgrimage to the Holy Land from Russian Émigrés’ Communities in 1950–70s]. Moskva: Indrik.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
