<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2073-7203-2020-38-1-261-283</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XKXNQO</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-368</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>VARIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VARIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алвин Плантинга и Фома Аквинский о возможности естественного знания о Боге</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alvin Plantinga and Thomas Aquinas on the Possibility of Natural Knowledge of God</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаспаров</surname><given-names>Игорь</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasparov</surname><given-names>Igor</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gasparov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>38</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>261</fpage><lpage>283</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гаспаров И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаспаров И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gasparov I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/368">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/368</self-uri><abstract><p>Традиционно Фома Аквинский рассматривается в качестве одного из самых решительных сторонников естественной теологии как основного источника знания о Боге посредством только лишь человеческого разума. Однако Алвин Плантинга указывает на Фому Аквинского наряду с Жаном Кальвином как на одного из предшественников своей знаменитой концепции sensus divinitatis, согласно которой человеческий разум способен иметь естественное знание о Боге посредством особого когнитивного механизма, действие которого похоже скорее на функционирование человеческого восприятия, чем на доказательства в стиле традиционной theologia nat-uralis. Цель настоящей статьи - ответить на вопрос: можно ли в наследии Фомы Аквинского обнаружить нечто подобное плантинговскому sensus divinitatis? И если да, то каким именно образом этот эпистемический механизм выполняет функцию рационального оправдания теистического убеждения? Несмотря на то, что, на мой взгляд, на вопрос о существовании некоего аналога sensus divinitatis у Фомы Аквинского может быть дан положительный ответ, механизм его действия в корне отличен от того, который предполагается Плантингой, поскольку связан с естественной направленностью человеческой воли к Богу как конечной цели человеческой жизни.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Traditionally Aquinas is considered as the leading representative of the position that natural theology is the king road to the knowledge of God by means of human reason alone. Nevertheless, Alvin Plantinga cites him along with John Calvin among the two main predecessors of his famous idea of sensus divinitatis. According to this idea, human reason can have natural knowledge of God via special cognitive mechasnism, which is closer to the functioning of human perception, than to the proofs along the line of traditional theologia naturalis. The goal of the article is to identify whether one can really find in the work of Aquinas anything similar to the sensus divinitatis of Plantinga. And if the answer is positive, then how exactly does this epistemic mechanism perform the function of rational justification of theistic beliefs? As a result, I claim that in Aquinas one can really find something that could be called sensus divinitatis, but its justificatory work functions in a way that is quite different from that of Plantinga, because it involves the natural orientation of the human will to God as the ultimate goal of human life.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпистемология религии</kwd><kwd>этика веры</kwd><kwd>респонсибилизм</kwd><kwd>Плантинга</kwd><kwd>Фома Аквинский</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epistemology of religion</kwd><kwd>ethics of belief</kwd><kwd>virtue responsibilism</kwd><kwd>sensus divinitatis</kwd><kwd>Alvin Plantinga</kwd><kwd>Thomas Aquinas</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фома Аквинский. Сумма теологии. Часть первая. Вопросы 1-64 / Пер. А.В. Апполонов. Москва, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foma Akvinskii. Summa teologii. Chast' pervaia. Voprosy 1-64 / Per. A.V. Apollonov. Moskva, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фома Аквинский. Сумма против язычников. Книга первая / Пер. Т.Ю. Бородай. Москва, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foma Akvinskii. Summa protiv iazychnikov. Kniga pervaia / Per. T.Yu. Borodaĭ. Moskva, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шохин В.К. "Естественная теология" // Православная энциклопедия. М., 2013 [http:// www.pravenc.ru/text/190259.html, доступ от 15.05.2019].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shokhin V.K. "Estestvennaia teologiia" // Pravoslavnaia entsiklopediia. M., 2013 [http:// www.pravenc.ru/text/190259.html, dostup ot 15.05.2019].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Appolonov A.V. (ed.) (2006) Foma Akvinskii. Summa teologii. Chast' pervaia. Voporosy 1-64 [Thomas Aquinas. Summa Theologiae. Part 1. Questions 1-64].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Appolonov A.V. (ed.) (2006) Foma Akvinskii. Summa teologii. Chast' pervaia. Voprosy 1-64 [Thomas Aquinas. Summa Theologiae. Part 1. Questions 1-64]. Moskva.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moskva. Borodaj T.Yu. (ed.) (2004) Foma Akvinskii. Summa portiv iazychnikov. Kniga pervaia [Thomas Aquinas. Summa contra Gentiles. First book]. Moskva. Cooper, A.G. (2012) "Degrading the Body, Supressing the Truth. Aquinas on Romans 1: 18- 25", in M. Levering, M. Dauphinai (eds.) Reading Romans with St. Thomas, pp. 113-126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borodaj T.Yu. (ed.) (2004) Foma Akvinskii. Summa protiv iazychnikov. Kniga pervaia [Thomas Aquinas. Summa contra Gentiles. First book]. Moskva.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press. Evans, S.C. (2010) Natural Signs and Knowledge of God. A New Look at Theistic Arguments. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jenkins, J.I. (1997) Knowledge and Faith in Thomas Aquinas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. MacDonald, S. (1993) "Theory of Knowledge", in N. Kretzmann, E. Stamp (eds) The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas, pp. 160-195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper, A.G. (2012) "Degrading the Body, Supressing the Truth. Aquinas on Romans 1: 18-25", in M. Levering, M. Dauphinai (eds.) Reading Romans with St. Thomas, pp. 113-126. Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Niederbacher, B. (2012) "The Relation of Reason to Faith", in B. Davis, E. Stump (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Aquinas, pp. 338-347.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evans, S.C. (2010) Natural Signs and Knowledge of God. A New Look at Theistic Arguments. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pickavé, M. (2012) "Human Knowledge", in B. Davis, E. Stump (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Aquinas, pp. 311-326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jenkins, J.I. (1997) Knowledge and Faith in Thomas Aquinas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oxford: Oxford University Press. Plantinga, A. (1983) "Reason and Belief in God", in A. Plantinga, N. Wolterstorff (eds), Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God, pp. 17-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacDonald, S. (1993) "Theory of Knowledge", in N. Kretzmann, E. Stamp (eds) The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas, pp. 160-195. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Notre Dame IN: University of Notre Dame Press. Plantinga, A. (2000) Warranted Christian Belief. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shokhin, V.K. "Estestvennhaia teologiia" [Natural theology], in Patriarkh Kirill (ed.) Pravoslavnaja encyclopedija [http://www.pravenc.ru/text/190259.html, accessed on 15.05.2019].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niederbacher, B. (2012) "The Relation of Reason to Faith", in B. Davis, E. Stump (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Aquinas, pp. 338-347. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stump, E. (2003) Aquinas. London and New York: Routledge. Tuninetti, L.F. (1996) "Per se notum": Logische Beschaffenheit des Selbstverständlichen im Denken des Thomas von Aquinas. Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill. Wolterstorff, N. (1984) Reason within the Bounds of Religion. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pickavé, M. (2012) "Human Knowledge", in B. Davis, E. Stump (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Aquinas, pp. 311-326. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plantinga, A. (1983) "Reason and Belief in God", in A. Plantinga, N. Wolterstorff (eds), Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God, pp. 17-93. Notre Dame IN: University of Notre Dame Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plantinga, A. (1983) "Reason and Belief in God", in A. Plantinga, N. Wolterstorff (eds), Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God, pp. 17-93. Notre Dame IN: University of Notre Dame Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plantinga, A. (2000) Warranted Christian Belief. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plantinga, A. (2000) Warranted Christian Belief. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shokhin, V.K. "Estestvennaia teologiia" [Natural theology], in Patriarkh Kirill (ed.) Pravoslavnaia entsiklopediia [http://www.pravenc.ru/text/190259.html, accessed on 15.05.2019].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shokhin, V.K. "Estestvennaia teologiia" [Natural theology], in Patriarkh Kirill (ed.) Pravoslavnaia entsiklopediia [http://www.pravenc.ru/text/190259.html, accessed on 15.05.2019].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stump, E. (2003) Aquinas. London and New York: Routledge.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stump, E. (2003) Aquinas. London and New York: Routledge.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tuninetti, L.F. (1996) "Per se notum": Logische Beschaffenheit des Selbstverständlichen im Denken des Thomas von Aquinas. Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuninetti, L.F. (1996) "Per se notum": Logische Beschaffenheit des Selbstverständlichen im Denken des Thomas von Aquinas. Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolterstorff, N. (1984) Reason within the Bounds of Religion. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolterstorff, N. (1984) Reason within the Bounds of Religion. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
