religionГосударство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежомState, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide2073-72032073-7211РАНХиГС10.22394/2073-7203-2020-38-1-201-228HKGSULreligion-366Research ArticleVARIAVARIAШабаримала: девственный бог Айяппа, гендерное равенство и споры вокруг религиозной свободы в современной ИндииŚabarimala: Ayyappa’s Virginity, Gender Equality and Conflicts of Religious Rights in Today’s IndiaРыжаковаСветланаRyzhakovaSvetlanasryzhakova@gmail.comИнститут этнологии и антропологии им. Н.Н. Миклухо-Маклая РАН; Российский государственный гуманитарный университетРоссияInstitute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russia Academy of Sciences; Russian State University of the HumanitiesRussian Federation202022092025381201228Copyright © Рыжакова С., 20252025Рыжакова С.Ryzhakova S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/366

Статья посвящена одному из самых громких конфликтов вокруг религии в современной Индии - конфликту в связи с культом бога Айяппы в храме Шабаримала в штате Керала (Южная Индия). Здесь сформировалась практика недопущения в храм женщин фертильного возраста, что формально обозначено возрастным периодом с десяти до пятидесяти лет. Это объясняется особенностями почитания бога в этом храме как «вечного девственника». Однако в рамках того же культа в Керале и отчасти других местах Южной Индии существуют и другие образы этого бога, иные интерпретации и практики, допускающие женщин любого возраста к святыням. В сентябре 2018 г. Верховный суд Индии вынес решение о дискриминационном характере запрета посещения женщинами храма Шабаримала. Начиная с октября 2018 г. Керала была охвачена волнами протестов и столкновений между сторонниками и противниками гендерного ограничения. В настоящей работе анализируется ход этих событий в контексте как культа Айяппы, так и с точки зрения регулирования культовых практик в современной Индии.

The article analyzes one of the most controversial clashes over religion in India, namely the conflict around the worship of god Ayyappa in the Sabarimala temple in Kerala. The practice of preventing fertile women from entering the temple has been established and entrenched here, fertility being formally defined as the age between ten and fifty. The practice is due to the fact that Ayyappa in this temple is worshiped as brahmachari, “eternal virgin.” However, within the framework of the same Ayyappa cult in Kerala and partly elsewhere in South India, there are other images of this god, other interpretations and practices that allow women of any age to visit the shrines. In September 2018, the Indian Supreme Court ruled the ban for fertile women to be discriminatory. Since October 2018, Kerala has been engulfed in waves of protests, clashes between supporters and opponents of the gender restrictions, which sometimes turn into violent clashes. This paper analyzes the course of these events in the context of both Ayyappa cult and the current challenges of the regulation of religion in India.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.