<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2073-7203-2021-39-1-295-315</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">JGLPJU</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-353</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>VARIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VARIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гностический троп в современной медиакультуре</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Gnostic Trope in Contemporary Media Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носачев</surname><given-names>Павел</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosachev</surname><given-names>Pavel</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nosachev@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИУ ВШЭ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>295</fpage><lpage>315</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Носачев П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Носачев П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nosachev P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/353">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/353</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье предлагается понимание гностического тропа как инструмента для анализа религиозных составляющих современной массовой культуры, а также обозначаются элементы этого тропа и причины его популярности. В качестве методологической рамки выступает теория оккультуры К. Партриджа, особый акцент делается на предложенном им образе оккультурного бриколера - создателя современной культуры, работающего с элементами западного эзотеризма как с подручным материалом. В статье обосновывается, что популярность элементов оккультурного бриколажа различна, и одним из самых распространенных является именно гностический троп. Важнейшими характеристиками гностического тропа являются представления о том, что наш мир - тюрьма, созданная для мучения человека, что им управляет злой творец этого мира - демиург, но в этом мире находятся и гностики, способные разгадать обманчивую природу реальности, которые обладают гнозисом как неким внерациональным опытом. Специфика функционирования соответствующего тропа раскрывается на примерах произведений Л. Даррелла, Ф. Дика, фильмов «Матрица», «Шоу Трумана», творчества В. Пелевина и рэпера Оксимрона. В заключении рассматриваются разные варианты ответа на вопрос о причинах популярности гностического тропа. Американские исследователи видят в гнозисе специфическую черту культуры религиозного индивидуализма, развитую в США, тогда как выходцы из стран бывшего соцлагеря, напротив, утверждают, что образ мира как тюрьмы связан со спецификой режима тех стран, которые находились за железным занавесом. В статье предлагается иной ответ на этот вопрос. Современная ситуация, во многом определяемая распространением цифровой культуры, порождает чувство неуверенности и дезориентацию современного человека, который ощущает себя заключенным в том паноптиконе, который описывал М. Фуко.</p><p>Вывод: гностический троп - это попытка придать абстрактной власти личностные черты демиурга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article applies the Gnostic trope as the most suitable tool for analyzing religious components of contemporary mass culture. Christopher Partridge’s theory of occulture serves as a methodological framework. The Gnostic trope includes the following elements: the idea that our world is a prison created for the torment of man; that it is controlled by the evil Creator of this world - the demiurge; that some exceptional persons, the Gnostics, are able to unravel the deceptive nature of reality and offer gnosis - a kind of extra-rational experience. The way this trope Junctions is illustrated by examples of the writers such as L. Darell, F. Dick, and V. Pelevin; a rapper Oxymiron; the movies such as “The Matrix” or “The Truman Show”. The article offers an explanation of the popularity of the Gnostic trope. Current global trends and the spread of digital culture led to general uncertainty and disorientation, and people feel imprisoned in a sort of panopticon, as described by Michel Foucault. The Gnostic trope means an attempt to personalize this impersonal power by identifying it with the demiurge.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>массовая культура</kwd><kwd>религия</kwd><kwd>западный эзотеризм</kwd><kwd>ок-культура</kwd><kwd>бриколаж</kwd><kwd>гностицизм</kwd><kwd>В. Пелевин</kwd><kwd>М. Фуко</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mass culture</kwd><kwd>religion</kwd><kwd>western esotericism</kwd><kwd>culture</kwd><kwd>bricolage</kwd><kwd>gnosticism</kwd><kwd>Viktor Pelevin</kwd><kwd>Michel Foucault</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дарелл Л. Месье, или Князь тьмы. М.: Б.С.Г.-ПРЕСС, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bloom, H. (1997) Omens of the Millennium: The Gnosis of Angels, Dreams, and Resurrection. N.Y.: Riverhead Books.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Йонас Г. Гностицизм: Гностическая религия. СПб.: Лань, 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brakke, D. (2010) The Gnostics: Myth, Ritual, and Diversity in Early Christianity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Найт П. Культура заговора: От убийства Кеннеди до "секретных материалов". М.: Ультракультура 2.0, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Couliano, I.P. (1992) The Tree of Gnosis: The Untold Story of Gnostic Mythology from Early Christianity to Modern Nihilism. San Francisco: Harper.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Носачев П.Г. Нет ничего нового под солнцем: "гнозис" как категория в исследовании западного эзотеризма // Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом. 2017. № 4(35). С. 187-208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durrell, L. (2004) Mes'e, ili Kniaz' t'my [Monsieur, or The Prince of Darkness]. M.: B.S.G.-PRESS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пелевин В.О. Empire V. М.: Эксмо, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foucault, M. (1999) Nadzirat i nakazyvat': Rozhdenie tiur'my [Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison]. M.: Ad Marginem.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пелевин В.О. iPhuck 10. М.: Эксмо, 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanegraaff, W. (2012) Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пелевин В.О. Бэтман Аполло. М.: Эксмо, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanegraaff, W.J. (1996) New Age Religion and Western Culture. Leiden: Brill.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фуко М. Надзирать и наказывать: Рождение тюрьмы. М.: Ad Marginem, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanegraaff, W.J. (2006) “Esoterica”, in W.J. Hanegraaff (ed.) Dictionary of gnosis and western esotericism, pp. 336-340. Leiden: Brill.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хестанов Р.З. Хип-хоп: культура молодежной контрреволюции // Logos. 2016. № 26 (4). С. 7-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanegraaff, W.J. (2013) “Entheogenic Esotericism”, in E. Asprem, K. Granholm (eds.) Contemporary Esotericism, pp. 392-409. Sheffield: Equinox.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bloom, H. (1997) Omens of the Millennium: The Gnosis of Angels, Dreams, and Resurrection. N.Y.: Riverhead Books.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofstadter, R. (1965) The Paranoid Style in American Politics, and Other Essays. N.Y.: Knopf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brakke, D. (2010) The Gnostics: Myth, Ritual, and Diversity in Early Christianity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jonas, H. (1998) Gnosticizm: Gnosticheskaia religiia [Gnosticizm: The Gnostic Religion]. SPb.: Lan'.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Couliano, I.P. (1992) The Tree of Gnosis: The Untold Story of Gnostic Mythology from Early Christianity to Modern Nihilism. San Francisco: Harper.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khestanov, R. (2016) “Hip-hop: kul'tura molodezhnoi kontrrevoliutsii” [Hip-Hop: Youth Counter-Revolution Culture], Logos 26(4): 7-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durrell, L. (2004) Mes'e, ili Kniaz' t'my [Monsieur, or The Prince of Darkness]. M.: B.S.G.-PRESS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King, K.L. (2009) The Secret Revelation of John. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foucault, M. (1999) Nadzirat i nakazyvat': Rozhdenie tiur'my [Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison]. M.: Ad Marginem.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knight, P. (2000) KuVtura zagovora: Ot ubiistva Kennedi do "sekretnykh materialov" [Conspiracy Culture: From Kennedy to the X-Files]. M.: Ul'trakul'tura 2.0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanegraaff, W. (2012) Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kripal, J. (2010) Authors of the Impossible: The Paranormal and the Sacred. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanegraaff, W.J. (1996) New Age Religion and Western Culture. Leiden: Brill.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwiatkowsky, F. (2018) “Cinema: evil demiurges in Hollywood films at the threshold of the twenty-first century”, in G.W. Trompe (ed.) The Gnostic World, pp. 679-687. N.Y.: Routledge.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanegraaff, W.J. (2006) "Esoterica", in W.J. Hanegraaff (ed.) Dictionary of gnosis and western esotericism, pp. 336-340. Leiden: Brill.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosachev, P. (2017) “Net nichego novogo pod solntsem: 'gnozis' kak kategoriia v issledovanii zapadnogo ezoterizma” [There Is Nothing New under the Sun: The Concept of "Gnosis" in Studies of Western Esotericism], Gosudarstvo, religiia, tserkov' v Rossii i za rubezhom 4(35): 187-208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanegraaff, W.J. (2013) "Entheogenic Esotericism", in E. Asprem, K. Granholm (eds.) Contemporary Esotericism, pp. 392-409. Sheffield: Equinox.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Partridge, C. (2004) The Re-Enchantment of the West: Vol. 1: Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralization, Popular Culture, and Occultur. L.: T&amp;T Clark.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofstadter, R. (1965) The Paranoid Style in American Politics, and Other Essays. N.Y.: Knopf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Partridge, C. (2018) High Culture: Drugs, Mysticism, and the Pursuit of Transcendence in the Modern World. Oxford, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jonas, H. (1998) Gnosticizm: Gnosticheskaia religiia [Gnosticizm: The Gnostic Religion]. SPb.: Lan'.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelevin, V.O. (2006) Empire V [Empire V]. M.: Eksmo.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khestanov, R. (2016) "Hip-hop: kul'tura molodezhnoi kontrrevoliutsii" [Hip-Hop: Youth Counter-Revolution Culture], Logos 26(4): 7-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelevin, V.O. (2013) Betman Apollo [Batman Apollo]. M.: Eksmo.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King, K.L. (2009) The Secret Revelation of John. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelevin, V.O. (2017) iPhuck 10 [iPhuck 10]. M.: Eksmo.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knight, P. (2000) KuVtura zagovora: Ot ubiistva Kennedi do "sekretnykh materialov" [Conspiracy Culture: From Kennedy to the X-Files]. M.: Ul'trakul'tura 2.0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raper, J.R. (1990) “The Philosopher's Stone and Durrell's Psychological Vision in Monsieur and Livia”, Twentieth Century Literature 36 (4): 419-433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kripal, J. (2010) Authors of the Impossible: The Paranormal and the Sacred. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strinati, D. (2004) An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture. 2nd ed. N. Y.: Routledge.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwiatkowsky, F. (2018) "Cinema: evil demiurges in Hollywood films at the threshold of the twenty-first century", in G.W. Trompe (ed.) The Gnostic World, pp. 679-687. N.Y.: Routledge.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams, R. (1981) Culture. London: Fontana.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nosachev, P. (2017) "Net nichego novogo pod solntsem: "gnozis" kak kategoriia v issledovanii zapadnogo ezoterizma" [There Is Nothing New under the Sun: The Concept of "Gnosis" in Studies of Western Esotericism], Gosudarstvo, religiia, tserkov' v Rossii i za rubezhom 4(35): 187-208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Worpole, K. (1983) Dockers and Detectives: Popular Reading, Popular Writing. London: Verso.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Partridge, C. (2004) The Re-Enchantment of the West: Vol. 1: Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralization, Popular Culture, and Occultur. L.: T&amp;T Clark.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Partridge, C. (2004) The Re-Enchantment of the West: Vol. 1: Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralization, Popular Culture, and Occultur. L.: T&amp;T Clark.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Partridge, C. (2018) High Culture: Drugs, Mysticism, and the Pursuit of Transcendence in the Modern World. Oxford, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Partridge, C. (2018) High Culture: Drugs, Mysticism, and the Pursuit of Transcendence in the Modern World. Oxford, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelevin, V.O. (2006) Empire V [Empire V]. M.: Eksmo.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelevin, V.O. (2006) Empire V [Empire V]. M.: Eksmo.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelevin, V.O. (2013) Betman Apollo [Batman Apollo]. M.: Eksmo.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelevin, V.O. (2013) Betman Apollo [Batman Apollo]. M.: Eksmo.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelevin, V.O. (2017) iPhuck 10 [iPhuck 10]. M.: Eksmo.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelevin, V.O. (2017) iPhuck 10 [iPhuck 10]. M.: Eksmo.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raper, J.R. (1990) "The Philosopher's Stone and Durrell's Psychological Vision in Monsieur and Livia", Twentieth Century Literature 36 (4): 419-433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raper, J.R. (1990) "The Philosopher's Stone and Durrell's Psychological Vision in Monsieur and Livia", Twentieth Century Literature 36 (4): 419-433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strinati, D. (2004) An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture. 2nd ed. N. Y.: Routledge.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strinati, D. (2004) An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture. 2nd ed. N. Y.: Routledge.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams, R. (1981) Culture. London: Fontana.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams, R. (1981) Culture. London: Fontana.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Worpole, K. (1983) Dockers and Detectives: Popular Reading, Popular Writing. London: Verso.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Worpole, K. (1983) Dockers and Detectives: Popular Reading, Popular Writing. London: Verso.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
