religionГосударство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежомState, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide2073-72032073-7211РАНХиГС10.22394/2073-7203-2021-39-1-146-174LPKOWMreligion-344Research ArticleСтатьиЕвропа и мусульмане: обоснование альтернативных вариантов политикиEurope and the Muslims: Debating the Foundations of State PolicyСтародубровскаяИринаStarodubrovskayaIrinairinavstar@gmail.comИнститут экономической политики им. Е.Т. Гайдара; РАНХиГСРоссияGaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public AdministrationRussian Federation202122092025391146174Copyright © Стародубровская И., 20252025Стародубровская И.Starodubrovskaya I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/344

В статье обсуждаются теоретические представления, стоящие за современными новациями в политике европейских стран в отношении исламских сообществ. Эти новации исходят из предпосылок о том, что ценности политического ислама несовместимы с западными; основным драйвером процесса радикализации является идеология; а отрицающие насилие исламисты на самом деле своими взглядами подготавливают молодых мусульман к принятию допустимости насилия. На основе анализа современных дискуссий, а также результатов собственных исследований автора в статье делается вывод, что у оппонентов подобных взглядов есть серьезные контраргументы. Процессы радикализации могут объясняться широким кругом различных факторов. Взаимоотношения сторонников и противников насилия среди исламистов характеризуются конкуренцией за аудиторию, в результате которой не только противники насилия могут перейти на джихадистские позиции, но и часть сторонников насилия может поменять свои взгляды. Исламские ценности, в том числе и у представителей политического ислама, и ценности западных демократий не во всем антагонистичны. Из иных теоретических подходов вытекает и альтернативная программа практических мер, которая может стать востребованной в будущем.

This article discusses theoretical issues behind the current shift in the policy of European states towards Islamic communities. The shift: is driven by the idea that the values of political Islam are incompatible with Western values; that the main driver behind radicalization is ideology and that even non-violent Islamists gradually prepare the Muslim youth to embracing violence. Based on current academic discussions as well as the results of the author's own research, the author concludes that the opponents of these ideas have serious counterarguments. In their views, radicalization can be explained by a wide range of different factors. Violent and non-violent Islamists compete for the audience, and therefore, not only can non-violent Islamists embrace jihadist views but also, vice versa, some jihadists can change their position to non-violence. Moreover, Muslim values, as well as those of the Islamists, are not necessarily antagonistic in all their aspects with the values of Western democracies. Various theoretical approaches form the basis for an alternative program of practical measures that could be implemented in the future.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.