religionГосударство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежомState, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide2073-72032073-7211РАНХиГС10.22394/2073-7203-2021-39-2-201-231PYMENUreligion-328Research ArticleСтатьиСкопцы царствия. Интерпретация Мф 19:12 в раннехристианском движенииEunuchs of the Kingdom. Interpretation of Matthew 19:12 in the Early Christian MovementВолчковАлексейVolchkovAlexeyvolchkov.81@gmail.comСанкт-Петербургская духовная академияРоссияSt. Petersburg Theological AcademyRussian Federation202122092025392201231Copyright © Волчков А., 20252025Волчков А.Volchkov A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/328

Многие библейские тексты упоминают о скопцах (ewovxog, ото). Если в еврейской Библии saris выступает в основном как важный элемент административного аппарата государств Ближнего Востока, то в новозаветных текстах образ евнуха становится предметом теологической рефлексии. В Евангелии от Матфея Христос говорит о том, что существуют «скопцы, которые сделали сами себя скопцами для Царства Небесного» (Мф 19:12). В статье исследуется этот стих, его Sitz im Leben, прослеживается его влияние как на христианскую теологию, так и на религиозную практику последователей Христа. В течение долгого времени в евнухе из Мф 19:12 комментаторы видели образец целомудрия, идеального члена христианской Церкви, прообраз монаха. Впрочем, анализ древних памятников показывает, насколько морально двусмысленным был образ евнуха. Можно сказать, что евнух в античном Средиземноморье являл собой воплощенную трансгрессию всех норм, которые касались вопросов семейной и сексуальной жизни. В этом образе представлявшееся вечным и разумным было поставлено под сомнение: приведенный в качестве идеала образ евнуха отрицал торжествовавшую гетеросексуальную бинарную модель, в которую были вписаны такие вещи как семья, пол и гендерная идентичность.

Many biblical texts mention eunuchs (ewovxog, ОТО). In the Hebrew Bible the term saris appears mainly as an element of the administrative apparatus. In the New Testament the image of the eunuch becomes the subject of theological reflection. In the Gospel of Matthew, Christ says that there are “Eunuchs who have made themselves Eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven” (Matthew 19:12). The article examines this verse, its Sitz im Leben, and traces its influence on both Christian theology and the religious practice of the followers of Christ. For a long time, the eunuchs in Matthew 19:12 have been seen by commentators as a model of chastity, an ideal member of the Christian Church, a prototype of a monk. However, the analysis of ancient texts shows how morally ambiguous the image of the eunuch was. In the ancient Mediterranean, the eunuch was the epitome of transgression of all norms related to family and sexual life. Through this image, everything that seemed eternal and reasonable was called into question. Hence, the image of eunuch given as a positive ideal denied the triumphant heterosexual binary model in which such things as family, gender, and gender identity were inscribed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.