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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2073-7203-2021-39-4-279-312</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ZFDWVM</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-295</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Праведный разум: Джонатан Хайдт в поисках моральных оснований политики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Righteous Mind: Jonathan Haidt in Search for the Moral Foundations of Politics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атнашев</surname><given-names>Тимур</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atnashev</surname><given-names>Timur</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">atnashev-tm@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинин</surname><given-names>Владислав</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinin</surname><given-names>Vladislav</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vrkalinin1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">РАНХиГС<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>279</fpage><lpage>312</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Атнашев Т., Калинин В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Атнашев Т., Калинин В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Atnashev T., Kalinin V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/295">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/295</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье дается развернутый обзор ключевых аргументов книги «Праведный разум» Джонатана Хайдта и анализ интеллектуального контекста возникновения его влиятельной теории моральных оснований, получившей международное признание и породившей серию эмпирических исследований в США и в десятках стран мира. Авторы реконструируют намерение Хайдта и коллег предложить оригинальный способ осмысления и преодоления резко обострившихся в ХХ! в. «культурных войн» в американском обществе с помощью указания на разное понимание объема морали консерваторами и либералами. В работе последовательно разбирается противопоставление интуитивистских (Юм) и рациональных (Кант) подходов к морали в социальной психологии, сложное соотношение биологических, эволюционных и социокультурных механизмов по Хайдту, а также его обращение к теории “homo duplex” Эмиля Дюркгейма, осмыслявшего коллективную, надличностную идентичность в терминах сакрального. В заключительной части авторы показывают, что наиболее уязвимые для критики аспекты теории моральных оснований связаны не с ошибочно вменяемым Хайдту биологическим редукционизмом, а с недостаточной обоснованностью выбора конкретных оснований и с вопросом о противоречивом характере намерения Хайдта расширить моральную палитру либеральных коллег и сограждан силой рациональных аргументов, одновременно доказывая невозможность рациональной коррекции интуитивных по своей природе моральных реакций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides an extended critical review of the key arguments of the book “Righteous Mind" by Jonhatan Haidt and an analysis of the intellectual context in which his influential theory of moral foundations (MFT) had emerged. Authors reconstruct Haidt’s intention of reinterpreting and possibly overcoming the ever growing “culture wars" in American society - the difference between liberals and conservatives in their understanding of what constitutes the basic set of moral foundations. The opposition between intuitionist (Hume) and rationalistic (Kant) approaches to morality in social psychology is considered, followed by the discussion of the complex relationship between biological, evolutionist and sociocultural mechanisms according to Haidt, as well as his original revision of the theory of “homo duplex” by Emile Durkheim, who understood collective identity in terms of the sacred bonds. In the final part of the article authors show that the most vulnerable arguments of Haidt are not those related to the “biological reductionism” often erroneously attributed to the American thinker, but issues related to the insufficient elaboration of the criteria of the identification of the five or six specific foundations, and to self-contradictory character of the strategic move of the book: Haidt tries to extend the too narrow spectrum of the moral foundations of his liberal colleagues and compatriots by the force of his rational arguments, but at the same time he shows that moral reactions are rather intuitive and not rational by nature.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теория моральных оснований</kwd><kwd>либералы</kwd><kwd>раскол</kwd><kwd>консерваторы</kwd><kwd>культурные войны</kwd><kwd>коллективное как сакральное</kwd><kwd>Э. Дюркгейм</kwd><kwd>социобиологический редукционизм</kwd><kwd>Дж. Хайдт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>moral foundations theory</kwd><kwd>culture wars</kwd><kwd>conservatives-liberals divide</kwd><kwd>socio-biological reductionism</kwd><kwd>Durkheim</kwd><kwd>collective as sacred</kwd><kwd>Jonathan Haidt</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена в рамках научно-исследовательского проекта «Моральные основания публичных дискуссий в современной России: общественный язык конструктивных коммуникаций» РАНХиГС в 2021 г.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дуглас M. Чистота и опасность: Анализ представлений об осквернении и табу / Пер.с англ. Р. Громовой под редакцией С. Баньковской; М.: КАНОН-пресс-Ц, Кучково поле. М., 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abbot, P., et al. 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