religionГосударство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежомState, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide2073-72032073-7211РАНХиГС10.22394/2073-7203-2021-39-4-XX-XXTVWKOJreligion-286Research ArticleСтатьиРеляционное измерение проблемы зла и мистическая теодицеяThe Relational Dimension of the Problem of Evil, and the Mystical TheodicyФаульБогданFaulBogdanfaulbogdan@gmail.comСанкт-Петербургский Государственный УниверситетРоссияSaint-Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation202108092025394125141Copyright © Фауль Б., 20252025Фауль Б.Faul B.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/286

В данной статье автор рассматривает проблему зла с точки зрения проекта антитеодицеи, основанной на критике традиционных формулировок и подходов к решению проблемы зла. В статье демонстрируются основания проекта антитеодицеи и предлагается оригинальная идентификация экзистенциального измерения проблемы зла в рамках религиозной жизни, специфика которой выражается в концепции «теологического реляционного потрясения». С точки зрения этого подхода, экзистенциальный корень проблемы зла в рамках религиозной жизни состоит в обнаружении неспособности личности находиться с Богом в отношениях любви. Автор демонстрирует зависимость теоретического рассмотрения проблемы зла от экзистенциального уровня проблемы. Более того, в статье предлагается два решения проблемы зла, которые основаны на том, что, при определенных допущениях, можно охарактеризовать как мистический опыт. Автор выделяет феноменологические свойства рассматриваемого мистического опыта и демонстрирует, что он обеспечивает решение экзистенциальной проблемы зла в «антитеодицейном» духе.

In this article, the author examines the problem of evil from the perspective of the antitheodicy, which is based on a critique of traditional approaches to the problem of evil. The article demonstrates the foundations of the antitheodicy and offers identification of the existential dimension of the problem of evil within the framework of religious life, expressed in the concept of “theological relational trauma”. From this perspective, the existential root of the problem of evil within the religious life consists in the discovery of the inability of an individual to love God. The author demonstrates how theoretical reflection on the problem of evil depends on the existential experience. The article also offers two solutions to the problem of evil, which are based on what can be characterized, under certain assumptions, as mystical experience. The author highlights the phenomenological properties of this mystical experience and demonstrates that it provides a solution to the existential problem of evil in the spirit of antitheodicy.

проблема злаэкзистенциальная проблема злареляционное потрясениехристианстворелигиозный опыттеизмthe problem of evilantitheodicyexistential problem of evilrelational traumaChristianityreligious experiencetheismСтатья написана в рамках реализации проекта «Феномен зла: от метафизики к теориям морали», поддержанного РНФ № 19-18-00441.ReferencesКарпов К. В. Теодицея как этическая проблема // Философский журнал. 2020. Том 13. № 2. С. 35-48.Adams, M. M. (2000) Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Adams, M. M. (2000) Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Betenson, T. (2016) "Anti-Theodicy", Philosophy Compass 11(1): 56-65.Betenson, T. (2016) "Anti-Theodicy", Philosophy Compass 11(1): 56-65.Burrell, D. (2008) Deconstructing Theodicy: Why Job Has Nothing to Say to the Puzzle of Suffering. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press.Burrell, D. (2008) Deconstructing Theodicy: Why Job Has Nothing to Say to the Puzzle of Suffering. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press.Evans, C. S. (2019) Kierkegaard and Spirituality: Accountability as the Meaning of Human Existence. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.Evans, C. S. (2019) Kierkegaard and Spirituality: Accountability as the Meaning of Human Existence. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.Frankfurt, H. G. (2006) The Reasons of Love. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Frankfurt, H. G. (2006) The Reasons of Love. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Frankfurt, H. G. (2006) Taking Ourselves Seriously & Getting It Right. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.Frankfurt, H. G. (2006) Taking Ourselves Seriously & Getting It Right. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.Gelinas, L. (2009) "The Problem of Natural Evil I: General Theistic Replies", Philosophy Compass 4 (3): 533-559.Gelinas, L. (2009) "The Problem of Natural Evil I: General Theistic Replies", Philosophy Compass 4 (3): 533-559.Gleeson, A. (2012) A Frightening Love: Recasting the Problem of Evil. Palgrave Macmillan.Gleeson, A. (2012) A Frightening Love: Recasting the Problem of Evil. Palgrave Macmillan.Greenberg, I. (1977) "Cloud of Smoke, Pillar of Fire: Judaism, Christianity, and Modernity After the Holocaust", in Fleischner, E. (ed.) Auschwitz: Beginning of a New Era? Reflections on the Holocaust: Papers Given at the International Symposium on the Holocaust, Held at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, pp. 7-55. New York: KTAV Publishing House.Greenberg, I. (1977) "Cloud of Smoke, Pillar of Fire: Judaism, Christianity, and Modernity After the Holocaust", in Fleischner, E. (ed.) Auschwitz: Beginning of a New Era? Reflections on the Holocaust: Papers Given at the International Symposium on the Holocaust, Held at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, pp. 7-55. New York: KTAV Publishing House.Karpov, K.V. (2020) “Teoditseia kak eticheskaia problema” [Theodicy as an ethical problem], Filosofskii zhurnal 13(2): 35Kraay, K. J. (2016) "God and gratuitous evil (Part I)", Philosophy Compass 11(12): 905-912.Kraay, K. J. (2016) "God and gratuitous evil (Part I)", Philosophy Compass 11(12): 905-912.Lewis, C. S., L'Engle, M. (2001) A Grief Observed. San Francisco: HarperOne.Lewis, C. S., L'Engle, M. (2001) A Grief Observed. San Francisco: HarperOne.Neiman, S. (2015) Evil in Modern Thought - An Alternative History of Philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Neiman, S. (2015) Evil in Modern Thought - An Alternative History of Philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Phillips, D. Z. (2004) The Problem of Evil and the Problem of God. London: SCM Press.Phillips, D. Z. (2004) The Problem of Evil and the Problem of God. London: SCM Press.Surin, K. (2004) Theology and the Problem of Evil. Eugene: Wipf and Stock.Surin, K. (2004) Theology and the Problem of Evil. Eugene: Wipf and Stock.Tilley, T. W. (2000) The Evils of Theodicy. Eugene: Wipf and Stock.Tilley, T. W. (2000) The Evils of Theodicy. Eugene: Wipf and Stock.Trakakis, N. N. (2013) "Antitheodicy", in J. P. McBrayer, D. Howard-Snyder (eds) The Blackwell Companion to the Problem of Evil, pp. 363-376. Wiley-Blackwell: John Wiley & Sons Limited.Trakakis, N. N. (2013) "Antitheodicy", in J. P. McBrayer, D. Howard-Snyder (eds) The Blackwell Companion to the Problem of Evil, pp. 363-376. Wiley-Blackwell: John Wiley & Sons Limited.Trakakis, N. (2009) The End of Philosophy of Religion. London, New York: Continuum.Trakakis, N. (2009) The End of Philosophy of Religion. London, New York: Continuum.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.