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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2073-7203-2021-39-4-XX-XX</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TKGDNY</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Является ли злом существование ада?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Would Existence of Hell Be an Evil?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаспаров</surname><given-names>Игорь</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasparov</surname><given-names>Igor</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gasparov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н. Н. Бурденко<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гаспаров И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаспаров И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gasparov I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/282">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/282</self-uri><abstract><p>В традиционном понимании существование рая и ада представляется необходимым условием божественной справедливости. В упрощенном виде такое понимание посмертной жизни утверждает, что люди, которые вели праведный образ жизни, получат вознаграждение в виде вечного блаженства, способного компенсировать любые временные страдания, которые им пришлось пережить в земной жизни, а люди, совершившие зло, но не раскаявшиеся в нем и не возместившие его в этой жизни, понесут вечное наказание в жизни будущей. В современной аналитической теологии и философии религии такое понимание посмертного воздания ставится под сомнение. Особой мишенью для критики является концепция «вечного ада», поскольку многим вечные мучения кажутся несовместимыми с божественной благостью. В статье рассмотрены аргументы известного аналитического теолога Т. Тэлботта против совместимости «вечного ада» с безусловной любовью Бога ко всем людям. Показано, что его аргументы опираются на концепцию любви, в которой любовь мыслится как отношение между индивидами, тогда как понимание любви как субстанции не ведет к противоречию между существованием вечного ада и безусловностью божественной любви ко всем людям. Также рассмотрен аргумент Д. Льюиса, утверждающий аморальность Бога, творящего мир, который предполагает существование вечного ада. Показано, что ответ на этот аргумент, данный современным томистом Дж. Леймонтом, убедительно демонстрирует, что он базируется на предпосылках, которые сторонники традиционного учения о вечном аде не обязаны принимать.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the traditional sense, the existence of postmortem life in form of heaven and hell, seen as reward or punishment, seems to be a necessary condition of divine justice. Contemporary analytic theology and philosophy of religion question this account of posthumous retribution. A particular target of criticism is the doctrine of “eternal hell”, since for many people eternal torments appear to be incompatible with divine goodness. This article examines the arguments of the known analytic theologian Thomas Talbott against the compatibility of “eternal hell” with God’s unconditional love for all men. Talbott’s arguments are based on the concept of love, according to which love is deemed of as an individual attitude, while the understanding of love as a substance does not lead to a contradiction between the existence of eternal hell and the unconditional divine love for all people. The argument of David Lewis asserting the amorality of God’s creating the world that includes an eternal hell is also examined. It is shown that the response to this argument, given by the contemporary Thomist John Lamont, convincingly demonstrates that it is based on premises which supporters of the traditional doctrine of eternal hell are not obliged to accept.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>проблема зла</kwd><kwd>проблема ада</kwd><kwd>философская теология</kwd><kwd>философия религии</kwd><kwd>Т. Тэлботт</kwd><kwd>Д. Льюис</kwd><kwd>Дж. Леймонт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the problem of evil</kwd><kwd>the problem of hell</kwd><kwd>philosophical theology</kwd><kwd>philosophy of religion</kwd><kwd>Thomas Talbott</kwd><kwd>David Lewis</kwd><kwd>John Lamont</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена при поддержке РНФ, проект № 19-18-00441 «Феномен зла: от метафизики к теориям морали».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузев В. В. Проблема ада как составляющая проблема зла в христианской традиции // Философия религии: альманах. 2012-2013. М.: Наука-Восточная литература. 2013. С. 128-144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Appolonov, A.V. (ed.) (2006) Foma Akvinskii. Summa teologii. Chast’ pervaia. Voporosy 1–64 [Thomas Aquinas. Summa Theologiae. Part 1. Questions 1–64]. 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