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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">OJMNXJ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-280</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблема зла: метаэтика и привационная трактовка зла</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Problem of Evil: Metaethics and the Privation Theory of Evil</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>Кирилл</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>Kirill</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kirill.karpov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт философии РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карпов К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпов К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpov K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/280">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/280</self-uri><abstract><p>В современной философии религии принято выделять две основные формулировки проблемы зла: логическую и индуктивную (вероятностную). Однако у проблемы зла имеется и аксиологическая (метаэтическая) формулировка. Статья посвящена рассмотрению в контексте аксиологической формулировки проблемы зла привационной трактовки зла - одного из самых древних ответов на аргумент от зла. В первой части статьи эксплицируется метаэтический ракурс проблемы. Во второй реконструируется одна из версий привационной трактовки зла на основе текстов Августина Гиппонского и Фомы Аквинского. Показывается, что у Августина и Аквината одним из основных смысловых элементов привационной трактовки зла выступает понятие порядка (ordo), а метафизическая трактовка зла как недостатка блага дополняется ими присущим западной теологической традиции учением о двух видах зла: о грехе (peccatum) и наказании за грех (poenapeccati) у Августина, о зле наказания (malum poenae) и зле вины (malum culpae) у Аквината. Также эксплицируются основные положения привационной трактовки зла. В третьей части раскрываются метаэтические предпосылки привационной трактовки зла. В области моральной онтологии привационной трактовке блага наиболее соответствует реализм, в моральной эпистемологии - когнитивизм и фундаментализм, а в моральной психологии - одна из версий мотивационного интернализма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It is a common place in contemporary philosophy of religion to distinguish between logical and inductive formulations of the problem of evil. However, there is also a metaethical (or “axiological") formulation of the problem. The article considers the so-called privation theory of evil, one of the most ancient responses to the argument from evil. First, I consider the metaethical formulation of the problem. Secondly, I consider the privation theory of evil as it is presented in the writings of Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas. I show that the concept of “order" (ordo) is one of the main elements of their treatments of the privatio boni theory, and it is complemented by the common Western theological idea of two types of evil - sin (peccatum) and punishment for sin (poena peccati) in the case of Augustine, and evil of punishment (malum poenae) and evil of guilt (malum culpae) in the case of Aquinas. In the third part I turn to the metaethical presuppositions of the privatio boni theory. I argue that in moral ontology, this theory is most compatible with moral realism; in moral epistemology, it goes with cognitivism and epistemological foundationalism; and in moral psychology, it works with one of the versions of motivational internalism.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>проблема зла</kwd><kwd>метаэтика</kwd><kwd>аксиология</kwd><kwd>привационная трактовка зла</kwd><kwd>моральный реализм</kwd><kwd>эпистемологический фундаментализм</kwd><kwd>мотивационный интернализм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the problem of evil</kwd><kwd>metaethics</kwd><kwd>axiology</kwd><kwd>the privation  theory of evil</kwd><kwd>moral realism</kwd><kwd>epistemological foundationalism</kwd><kwd>motivational internalism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаспаров И. 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