<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2073-7203-2022-40-1-176-197</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-181</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: МУЧЕНИЧЕСТВО: ИДЕЯ, КУЛЬТ, ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE THEME OF THE ISSUE: MARTYRDOM: IDEA, CULT, THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Феномен христианского мученичества в Японии в XVI–XVII вв.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Phenomenon of Christian Martyrdom in Japan in the 16th and 17th Centuries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акиньшин</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akinshin</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Акиньшин — аспирант </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Akinshin — PhD student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">strangerlorin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">РГГУ <country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State University for the Humanities<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>40</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>197</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Акиньшин А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Акиньшин А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akinshin A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/181">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/181</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается история «христианского столетия» в Японии (1549–1639 годов — от появления иезутиских миссионеров и до последнего христианского восстания, за которым последовал запрет на иностранные верования), которая закончилась гонениями и мученичеством японских христиан. Указаны причины появления миссионеров-иезуитов на Японском архипелаге. Показаны стратегии миссии и ошибки, которые были при этом допущены, а также действия Ордена в период гонений. Политика японского правительства влияла на распространение христианства на разных этапах становления единого японского государства. Именно в этом контексте следует понимать политику гонений и искоренения христианства на определенном этапе. В статье особое внимание уделяется христианскому мученичеству, на которое японские христиане шли с готовностью. Сделана попытка объяснения причин такого отношения, исходя из особенностей менталитета японцев, объясняющих их восприимчивость к идее мученичества и иным традициям христианства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the history of the so‑called “Christian century” (1549–1639), the period between the arrival of the Jesuit missionaries and the last Christian revolt before the final ban on the foreign religion, which ended with the persecution and martyrdom of Japanese Christians. The article shows the beginning of the Jesuit mission in Japan, their strategies and certain errors, as well as their activities in the time of persecution. The article then illustrates how the spread of Christianity in Japan at its different stages was related to the local politics. The persecution and extermination of Christianity in the country should be analyzed in this context. The unique feature of the Japanese Christian Martyrdom was the Christians’ explicit willingness to die as martyrs. This attitude is explained with the reference to some elements of the Japanese traditional mentality, which might be consistent with some Christian concepts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>христианство</kwd><kwd>Япония</kwd><kwd>мученичество</kwd><kwd>Орден Иезуитов</kwd><kwd>религия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Christianity</kwd><kwd>Japan</kwd><kwd>martyrdom</kwd><kwd>Society of Jesus</kwd><kwd>religion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акиньшин А. Роль женщин-христиан во время «Христианского столетия» в Японии. Грация Хосокава Тамако // Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Том 21. Иркутск: ФГБОУ ВО ИГУ. 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akinʹshin, A. (2017) “Nachalo dvizheniia khristianskogo muchenichestva v Iaponii: kaznʹ 26 muchenikov v Nagasaki” [The Beginning of the Christian Martyrdom Movement in Japan: 26 Martyrs ExecutNion in Nagasaki], Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 20: 198–204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акиньшин А. Начало движения христианского мученичества в Японии: казнь 26 мучеников в Нагасаки // Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Том 23. Иркутск: ФГБОУ ВО ИГУ. 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akinʹshin, A. (2017) “Rolʹ zhenshchin-khristianok vo vremia «Khristianskogo stoletiia» v Iaponii. Gratsiia Хosokava Tamako” [The Role of Christian Women during “Christian Age” in Japan. Gracia Hosokawa Tamako], Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 21: 162–168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Китагава Д. Религия в истории Японии. СПб: Наука, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andres de Parra (1624) A Short Account of the Great and Rigorous Martyrdoms which Took Place in Japan in the Year 1622. Madrid. [https://archive.org/stream/MN5081ucmf_2/MN5081ucmf_2_djvu.txt, accessed on 05.05.2021]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малышев Б. Христианство в Японии: этапы становления и развития // Христианство в Южной и Восточной Азии: история и современность. М.: Ключ-С, 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anesaki, M. (1931) “Writings on Martyrdom in Kirishitan”, Proceedings of the Imperial Academy 7(8): 291–293.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Навлицкая Г. Нагасаки. Москва: Наука, 1979.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anesaki, М. (1963) History of Japanese Religion. Charles E. Rutland. Vt. &amp; Tokyo. Japan: Tittle Company. Rutland.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нитобэ И. Такэсидо (Бусидо. Душа Японии) / пер. Масахиро Сато. 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anesaki, M. (1930) A Concordance to the History of Kirishitan Missions (Catholic Missions in Japan in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries). Tokyo: Office of the Academy.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фома Кемпийский. Подражание Христу [https://fictionbook.ru/author/foma_kempiyiskiyi/o_podrajanii_hristu/read_online.html, доступ от 05.05.2021].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morris, J. H. (2018) “Anti-Kirishitan Surveillance in Early Modern Japan”, Surveillance &amp; Society 16(4): 410–431.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федор Студит. Поучение 56. На память святых сорока мучеников. О подражании страстям Христовым // Преподобный Феодор Студит. Огласительные поучения и завещание. М.: Издательство московского подворья Свято-Троицкой Сергиевой Лавры, 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anesaki, M. (1925) Kirishitan shūmon no hakugai to senpuku. Tokyo. Dobunkan.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ямамото Ц. Хагакурэ-Сокрытое в листве. М.: Эксмо-Пресс, 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouix, D. (1862) Histoire des vingt-six martyrs du Japon: Crucifies a Nangasaqui, le 5 fevrier 1597 avec un apercu historique sur les chretientes du Japon depuis cette epoque jusqu’a nos jours. Paris: Librairie catholique de Perisse freres.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andres de Parra (1624) A Short Account of the Great and Rigorous Martyrdoms which Took Place in Japan in the Year 1622. Madrid. [https://archive.org/stream/MN5081ucmf_2/MN5081ucmf_2_djvu.txt, accessed on 05.05.2021]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardim, A. (1646) Fasciculus e Iapponicis floribus, suo adhuc madentibus sanguine compositus. Romae.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anesaki, M. (1931) “Writings on Martyrdom in Kirishitan”, Proceedings of the Imperial Academy 7(8): 291–293.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cerefino, P. P. (1989) Witnesses of the Faith in the Orient: Dominican Martyrs of Japan, China, and Vietnam. Provincial Secretariat of Missions. Dominican Province of Our Lady of the Rosary.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anesaki, М. (1963) History of Japanese Religion. Charles E. Rutland. Vt. &amp; Tokyo. Japan: Tittle Company. Rutland.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charlevoix, P.-F.-X. (1860) Historia del Japón y sus misiones. Valladolid: Juan de la Cuesta.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anesaki, M. (1930) A Concordance to the History of Kirishitan Missions (Catholic Missions in Japan in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries). Tokyo: Office of the Academy.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coleridge, H. (1921) The Life and Letters of Francis Xavier. Volume 4. London.Burns, Oates &amp; Washbourne.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morris, J. H. (2018) “Anti-Kirishitan Surveillance in Early Modern Japan”, Surveillance &amp; Society 16(4): 410–431.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crasset, J. (1715) Histoire de l’eglise du Japon / Par le r. p. Crasset de la Compagnie de Jesus. Paris: Montalant.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anesaki, M. (1925) Kirishitan shūmon no hakugai to senpuku. Tokyo. Dobunkan.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elison, G. (1973) Deus Destroyed: The Image of Christianity in Early Modern Japan. London: Harvard East Asian Monographs.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouix, D. (1862) Histoire des vingt-six martyrs du Japon: Crucifies a Nangasaqui, le 5 fevrier 1597 avec un apercu historique sur les chretientes du Japon depuis cette epoque jusqu’a nos jours. Paris: Librairie catholique de Perisse freres.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedor Studit (1998) “Pouchenie 56. Na pamiat’ sviatykh soroka muchenikov. O podrazhanii strastiam Khristovym” [Instruction 56. On the memory of saint forty martyrs. On the imitation of The Passion of the Christ], Prepodobnyi Feodor Studit. Oglasitelʹnye pouchenia i zaveshchanie. M.: Izdatelʹstvo moskovskogo podvor’ia Sviato-Troitskoi Sergievoy Lavry.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cardim, A. (1646) Fasciculus e Iapponicis floribus, suo adhuc madentibus sanguine compositus. Romae.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foma Kempiskii. Podrazhanie Khristu [Imitating the Christ] [https://fictionbook.ru/author/foma_kempiyiskiyi/o_podrajanii_hristu/read_online.html, accessed on 05.05.2021].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cerefino, P. P. (1989) Witnesses of the Faith in the Orient: Dominican Martyrs of Japan, China, and Vietnam. Provincial Secretariat of Missions. Dominican Province of Our Lady of the Rosary.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frois, L. (1981) Historia de Japam: Historia de Japam. Lisboa: Ministfipio dacultura e coordenagao cientifica. Secretaria de Estado da Cultura. Biblioteca nacional.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charlevoix, P.-F.-X. (1860) Historia del Japón y sus misiones. Valladolid: Juan de la Cuesta.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Fróis, L. Trans. of Luís Fróis letters concerning Jesuit missionaries in Japan, ca. 1605”, in MS Japan 3.1. Houghton Library. Harvard University. Cambridge. Mass.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coleridge, H. (1921) The Life and Letters of Francis Xavier. Volume 4. London.Burns, Oates &amp; Washbourne.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Higashibaba, I. (2001) Christianity in Early Modern Japan: Christian Belief and Practice. Brill’s Japanese Studies Library. Vol. 16. Leiden. Boston: Brill.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crasset, J. (1715) Histoire de l’eglise du Japon / Par le r. p. Crasset de la Compagnie de Jesus. Paris: Montalant.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iamamoto, Ts. (2016) Khagakure-Sokrytoe v listve [Khakagure — Hiden in the Leaves]. M.: Eksmo-Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elison, G. (1973) Deus Destroyed: The Image of Christianity in Early Modern Japan. London: Harvard East Asian Monographs.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kitagava, D. (2005) Religia v istorii Iaponii [Religion in history of Japan]. Spb: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frois, L. (1981) Historia de Japam: Historia de Japam. Lisboa: Ministfipio dacultura e coordenagao cientifica. Secretaria de Estado da Cultura. Biblioteca nacional.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laures, J. (1951) “Die Zahl der Christen und Martyrer im Alten Japan”, Monumenta Nipponica 7(1–2): 84–101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">“Fróis, L. Trans. of Luís Fróis letters concerning Jesuit missionaries in Japan, ca. 1605”, in MS Japan 3.1. Houghton Library. Harvard University. Cambridge. Mass.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malyshev, B. (2016) “Khristianstvo v Iaponii etapy stanovlenia i razvitiia” [Christianity in Japan: setup and development], in Khristianstvo v Iuzhnoi i Vostochnoi Azii: istoriia i sovremennostʹ. M.: Kliuch-S.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Higashibaba, I. (2001) Christianity in Early Modern Japan: Christian Belief and Practice. Brill’s Japanese Studies Library. Vol. 16. Leiden. Boston: Brill.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Navlitskaya, G. (1979) Nagasaki [Nagasaki]. Moskva: Nauka.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laures, J. (1951) “Die Zahl der Christen und Martyrer im Alten Japan”, Monumenta Nipponica 7(1–2): 84–101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nitobe, I. (2008) Takesido (Busido. Dusha Iaponii) [Takeshido. Bushido. Soul of Japan].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pages, L. (1869) Histoire De La Religion Chretienne Au Japon Depuis 1598 Jusqu’a 1651. Pte. Texte. vol. 1. Paris: C. Douniol.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pages, L. (1869) Histoire De La Religion Chretienne Au Japon Depuis 1598 Jusqu’a 1651. Pte. Texte. vol. 1. Paris: C. Douniol.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Satou, Y. (2004) The Martyrdom in Christianity. Kyoto: Kyoto Sangyo University.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Satou, Y. (2004) The Martyrdom in Christianity. Kyoto: Kyoto Sangyo University.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schurhammer, G. (1973) Francis Xavier: His Life and Times. The Jesuit Historical Institute. Rome. Vol. 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schurhammer, G. (1973) Francis Xavier: His Life and Times. The Jesuit Historical Institute. Rome. Vol. 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sozomen, H., Walford, E. (eds) (2018) The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen. Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sozomen, H., Walford, E. (eds) (2018) The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen. Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valignano, А., Alvarez-Taladriz, J. L. (ed.) (1954) Sumario de las cosas de Japon (1580). Tokyo: Sophia: University.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valignano, А., Alvarez-Taladriz, J. L. (ed.) (1954) Sumario de las cosas de Japon (1580). Tokyo: Sophia: University.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuuki, D. S. J. (1997) The Twenty-Six Martyrs Hill. Tokio: Enderle Book.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuuki, D. S. J. (1997) The Twenty-Six Martyrs Hill. Tokio: Enderle Book.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
