religionГосударство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежомState, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide2073-72032073-7211РАНХиГС10.22394/2073-7203-2022-40-4-219-241religion-163Research ArticleГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: РЕЛИГИЯ И РОЖДАЕМОСТЬTHE THEME OF THE ISSUE: RELIGION AND FERTILITYВлияние религиозных взглядов на донорство в репродукции: тенденции и мировой опытThe Impact of Religious Beliefs on Reproductive Donation: Global and National TrendsПоляковаИ.PolyakovaI.

Ирина Полякова - научный сотрудник

Екатеринбург

Irina Polyakova — Researcher, Interregional Institute of Social Sciences

Ekaterinburg

irinapolykova@yandex.ruАндалА.AndalA.

Айрин Грейс Андал — младший научный сотрудник Лаборатории сравнительных исследований толерантности и признания

Екатеринбург

Aireen Grace Andal — Junior Research Fellow, Center for Comparative Studies of Toleration and Recognition

Ekaterinburg

aireengrace.andal@gmail.comУральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина; Уральский межрегиональный институт общественных наукРоссияUral Federal UniversityRussian FederationУральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. ЕльцинаРоссияUral Federal UniversityRussian Federation202224022025404219241Copyright © Полякова И., Андал А., 20252025Полякова И., Андал А.Polyakova I., Andal A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/163

В то время как бесплодие стимулирует рост вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ), религиозно мотивированная оценка репродуктивного донорства и привлечения в процесс рождения третьих лиц влияет на потребителей ВРТ в индивидуальном порядке и на индустрию ВРТ в национальном масштабе. В статье приведен обзор существующих исследований того, как религиозные убеждения различных субъектов — правительств и законодательных органов, медицинских учреждений, доноров и реципиентов, — влияют на их отношение к репродуктивному донорству. Были выбраны три страны, в которых есть доминирующие конфессии, и, что более важно, кон фессии, которые имеют четко сформулированные взгляды на репродуктивное донорство: Израиль, Турция и Польша. Хотя все эти страны придерживаются пронаталистских взглядов, у них есть свои собственные интерпретации того, как должны быть достигнуты пронаталистские цели. Иудаизм и израильское общество положительно оценивает воспроизводство и размножение народа, поэтому они предлагают надежную коллективную поддержку репродуктивным технологиям и донорству. В Турции влияние ислама на правовую и этическую оценку репродукции непрямое, но сильное. Ислам допускает лечение бесплодия только в отношении официально женатых пар. Польские католики активно политически выступают за ограничения ВРТ и публично осуждают либерализацию репродуктивных прав.

While infertility spurs the growth of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), religiously motivated evaluation of reproductive donation and thirdparty parenthood affect the users of ART individually and the ART industry nationally. The article surveyed extant research on the ways religious beliefs of various actors such as governments and legislatures, medical institutions, donors and recipients, influence their attitudes towards reproductive donation. Three countries with dominant confessions and, more importantly, the confessions, which have strong articulate views on reproductive donation, were selected: Israel, Turkey, and Poland. While all these nations favor pronatalist attitudes, they have their own interpretations of how pronatalist goals should be achieved. Judaism and Israeli society demonstrate positive evaluation of reproduction and multiplication of the people, therefore, they offer robust collective support for reproductive technologies and donation. In Turkey, the influence of Islam on legal and ethical evaluation of reproduction is subtle but strong. It limits the treatment of infertility to officially married couples. Polish Roman Catholics are active in the political lobbying of restrictions on ART and in public condemnation of liberalizing reproductive rights.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.