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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2073-7203-2022-40-3-108-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-138</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: РЕЛИГИЯ В МЕНЯЮЩЕЙСЯ АФРИКЕ: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE THEME OF THE ISSUE: RELIGION IN CHANGING AFRICA: HISTORY AND CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Христианский храм как место геноцида (на примере Руанды)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Christian Temple as a Place of Genocide: The Case of Rwanda</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривушин</surname><given-names>И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivushin</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Кривушин — профессор;</p><p>ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan Krivushin — Professor;</p><p>Leading Research Fellow</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivankrivushin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»;&#13;
Центр африканских исследований Института всеобщей истории РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE University;&#13;
Centre of African Studies, Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>40</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кривушин И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кривушин И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krivushin I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/138">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/138</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается вопрос о причинах, по которым христианские церкви стали во время руандийского геноцида 1994 г. главным местом уничтожения тутси. Исследование основывается на анализе трех групп первоисточников: воспоминаний участников геноцида, документах Международного уголовного трибунала по Руанде и материалах экстремистских СМИ («Телерадио тысячи холмов» и газета «Кангура»). Анализ осуществляется на двух уровнях — локальном (восприятие событий непосредственными участниками геноцида) и общенациональном (трактовка событий политическими лидерами и националистической пропагандой). Отношение участников геноцида к христианскому храму рассматривается в контексте их религиозных представлений, прежде всего представлений о роли Бога в событиях. Выясняется, что на местном уровне имела место паганизация религиозных представлений, распространение представлений о существовании особого «Бога хуту», противостоящего «Богу тутси». Автор приходит к выводу, что христианский храм в Руанде в период геноцида 1994 г. сохранил свой статус священного места, однако статус этот перестал быть инвариантным и стал зависеть от того, в чьих руках он находился — или «истинных христиан», «Бога Руанды», «Бога хуту», или нелюдей, демонов, Сатаны, «Бога тутси»: когда тутси (как «анти-хуту») оскверняли своим при сутствием священное место, оно превращалось в «антицерковь» и поэтому должно было быть очищено от скверны или даже полностью уничтожено. Эта трансформация восприятия участниками геноцида христианского храма была результатом виктимизации тутси, которую все время подпитывали власти и экстремистские СМИ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses why Christian temples became the main places of the slaughter of Tutsis during the Rwandan genocide of 1994. The research is based on the analysis of three groups of primary sources: the testimonies of the génocidaires — those who com‑ mitted genocide; the documents of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda; and the materials of the extremist mass media (Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines and the Kangura newspaper). The analysis is carried out at two levels — local (perception of events by génocidaires) and national (interpretation of events by political leaders and nationalist propagandists). The attitudes of génocidaires towards the Christian temple are considered in the con‑ text of their religious views, primarily those on the role of God in the events. The analysis shows that, at the local level, there was a polytheization of génocidaires’ religious beliefs, an idea of the “God of Hutus” opposing the “God of the Tutsis”. The author comes to the conclusion that the Christian temple in Rwanda during the 1994 genocide retained its status as a sacred place, but this status ceased to be invariant and began to depend on whose hands it was in — either “true Christians”, “the God of Rwanda”, “the God of Hutus”, or inhumans, demons, Satan, “the God of Tutsis”: when the Tutsis (as “antiHutus”) desecrated the sacred place by their presence, it turned into an “antichurch” and therefore had to be cleansed of filth or even completely destroyed. This transformation of the perception of the Christian temple by génocidaires was the result of the victimi‑ zation of Tutsis, which was constantly fueled by the authorities and extremist media.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>христианский храм</kwd><kwd>геноцид</kwd><kwd>Руанда</kwd><kwd>1994 г.</kwd><kwd>тутси</kwd><kwd>хуту</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Christian temple</kwd><kwd>genocide</kwd><kwd>Rwanda</kwd><kwd>1994</kwd><kwd>Tutsis</kwd><kwd>Hutus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа подготовлена при грантовой поддержке факультета мировой экономики и мировой политики Национального исследовательского университета — Высшая школа экономики. 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