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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2073-7203-2022-40-1-119-149</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-132</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: МУЧЕНИЧЕСТВО: ИДЕЯ, КУЛЬТ, ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE THEME OF THE ISSUE: MARTYRDOM: IDEA, CULT, THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Каждый день — Ашура»? Трансформация нарратива мученичества в общественно-политическом дискурсе современного Ирана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Every Day Is Ashura?”: Transformation of the Martyrdom Narrative in Iranian Socio-Political Discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алонцев</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alontsev</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Алонцев — старший преподаватель</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim Alontsev — Senior Lecturer</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malontsev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смагин</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smagin</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никита Смагин — корреспондент ТАСС в Иране</p><p>Тегеран</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita Smagin — TASS Agency Correspondent in Iran</p><p>Teheran</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smagin53ntn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИУ ВШЭ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ТАСС в Иране<country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">TASS Agency in Iran<country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>40</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алонцев М., Смагин Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алонцев М., Смагин Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alontsev M., Smagin N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/132">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/132</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу тех трансформаций, которые претерпел нарратив мученичества в иранском официальном и неофициальном дискурсе в последние десятилетия. Основой этого дискурса является особая интерпретация событий ранней мусульманской истории — битвы при Кербеле (680), ставшей отправной точкой в обособлении шиитской ветви в исламе, а также основой для системы траурных ритуалов и развития культа мучеников. Современная интерпретация шиитских ритуалов и символов уходит своими корнями в 1960–1970 годы и является плодом разработки двух главных публичных интеллектуалов того времени — Али Шариати и Муртазы Мутаххари. Разработанный ими нарратив, называемый в научных работах «парадигмой Кербелы», стал мощным идеологическим инструментом и во время Исламской революции 1979 года, и в последующей Ирано-иракской войне, и в послевоенном восстановлении страны. Адаптивность шиитских ритуалов и символов, а также монополия действующей власти на их интерпретацию стали причиной не только активного использования мобилизационного потенциала «парадигмы Кербелы», но и ее рутинизации. Так или иначе, реакция на убийства Касема Сулеймани и Абу Махди ал-Мухандиса, выразившаяся в динамичном развитии культа «новых мучеников», продемонстрировали устойчивость этой парадигмы.  </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article deals with the transformations of the narrative of martyrdom in the official and unofficial Iranian discourse in recent decades. The narrative’s origin goes back to the Battle of Karbala (680 CE) which became the starting point in the separation of the Shīʻa branch of Islam and provided a basis for a set of commemorative practices and the development of the cult of martyrs. The two most prominent public intellectuals of the 1960–1970s — ʻAlī Sharīʻatī and Murtaẓa Muṭahharī — developed a new, consistent narrative of Shīʻa rituals and symbols, which is called the “Karbala paradigm” in recent scholarship. The “Karbala paradigm” emerged as a powerful ideological tool during the Islamic Revolution of 1979, the Iran‑Iraq war, and the post‑war reconstruction of Iran. The adaptability of Shīʻa rituals and symbols sustained by the current Iranian regime’s monopoly on their interpretation became the reason not only for the active use of the mobilization potential of the “Karbala paradigm” but also for its routinization. However, the reaction to the most recent murders of Qāsem Suleimanī and Abu Mahdī al‑Muhandis showed a dynamic development of the cult of the “new martyrs” within the old paradigm.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Али Шариати</kwd><kwd>Исламская революция</kwd><kwd>Исламская Республика Иран</kwd><kwd>культ мучеников</kwd><kwd>Муртаза Мутаххари</kwd><kwd>парадигма Кербелы</kwd><kwd>Хусейн ибн Али</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ʻAlī Šarīʻatī</kwd><kwd>cult of martyrs</kwd><kwd>Ḥusayn ibn ʻAlī</kwd><kwd>Islamic Revolution</kwd><kwd>Islamic Republic of Iran</kwd><kwd>Karbala paradigm</kwd><kwd>Murtaẓa Muṭahharī</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abrahamian, E. (1989) Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin. London: I. B. Tauris.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrahamian, E. 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