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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2073-7203-2022-40-2-105-127</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-116</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: РЕЛИГИЯ В КИТАЕ И СОПРЕДЕЛЬНЫХ СТРАНАХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN THEME: RELIGION IN CHINA AND NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Между Дхарамсалой и золотой урной: монгольский буддизм в контексте религиозной политики КНР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Between Dharamsala and the Golden Urn: Mongolian Buddhism in the Context of China’s Religious Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабиров</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabirov</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рустам Сабиров— доцент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rustam Sabirov — Associate Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tabarzin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт стран Азии и Африки МГУ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>40</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сабиров Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сабиров Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sabirov R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/116">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/116</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается влияние религиозной политики КНР на развитие буддийской сангхи Монголии. Автор показывает, что буддийская политика в регионе строится на основе моделей, выработанных еще в Цинской империи (1644–1912). Тогда возникло единое религиозное пространство, связавшее между собой Тибет, Китай и Монголию. Ключевым звеном, связывавшим эти буддийские центры, был институт тулку — сознательно воплощающихся деятелей буддизма и персонажей буддийского пантеона. Тулку рождались в Тибете и Монголии, утверждались Далай-ламой или Панчен-ламой, а Цинский двор пытался контролировать процесс. Правительство современного Китая, взяв на вооружение инструменты Цинского времени, пытается решить «проблему Далай-ламы». Законы и меры, принимаемые китайскими государственными органами, фактически устанавливают китайский контроль над процедурами поиска, утверждения, интронизации и обучения тулку. Тулку, обнаруженные вне этих процедур, рассматриваются Китаем как нелегитимные. Эта политика непосредственно затрагивает буддизм в Монголии, где возрождается институт хубилганов и присутствуют тесные связи с Далай-ламой и тибетской диаспорой. Именно Далай-лама утвердил большинство из ныне живущих монгольских тулку, включая высшего — Десятого Богдо-гэгэна. В то же время среди части монгольских буддистов наблюдается неприятие тибетского вмешательства во внутренние дела сангхи. Некоторые из лидеров монгольского буддизма сотрудничают с китайскими религиозными и государственными организациями. Усиление националистических настроений в Монголии и религиозная политика Китая могут в конечном счете привести к распаду тибетоцентричного пространства тибетского буддизма и обособлению монгольской сангхи под руководством Десятого Богдо-гэгэна.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the influence of the religious policy of the People’s Republic of China on the development of the Buddhist Sangha of Mongolia. The author shows that this policy is based on models developed in times of the Qing Empire (1644–1912). There was a single religious space that connected Tibet, China and Mongolia. The key link connecting these Buddhist centers was the tulku institution — the characters of the Buddhist pantheon who were believed to be consciously incarnated. Tulkus were born in Tibet and Mongolia, approved by the Dalai Lama or Panchen Lama, while the Qing court tried to control the process. The laws and measures taken by Chinese government agencies actually establish Chinese control over the procedure for the search, approval, enthronement and training of the tulku. This policy directly affects Buddhism in Mongolia, where the institution of Khuvilgaans is being revived and there are close ties with the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan diaspora. It was the Dalai Lama who approved most of the living Mongolian tulkus, including the highest — the Tenth Bogdo Gegeen. At the same time, some Mongolian Buddhists reject the Tibetan interference and cooperate with Chinese religious and state organizations. The growth of nationalist sentiments in Mongolia, along with China’s religious policy, may eventually lead to the disintegration of the Tibetancentered structure and the isolation of the Mongolian Sangha under the leadership of the Tenth Bogdo.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тибетский буддизм</kwd><kwd>Монголия</kwd><kwd>буддизм в Монголии</kwd><kwd>Далай-лама</kwd><kwd>Богдо-гэгэн</kwd><kwd>тулку</kwd><kwd>хубилган</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Tibetan Buddhism</kwd><kwd>Mongolia</kwd><kwd>Buddhism in Mongolia</kwd><kwd>Dalai Lama</kwd><kwd>Bogdo Gegeen</kwd><kwd>tulku</kwd><kwd>khuvilgaan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ванчикова Ц. П. 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