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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religion</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-7211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2073-7203-2022-40-1-38-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religion-109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: МУЧЕНИЧЕСТВО: ИДЕЯ, КУЛЬТ, ТЕОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE THEME OF THE ISSUE: MARTYRDOM: IDEA, CULT, THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Между мучениками и рабочими: проблема циркумцеллионов в источниках и историографии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Martyrs or Laborers? Sources and Scholarship on Circumcellions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамонтов</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamontov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Мамонтов — учитель истории</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Mamontov — History Teacher</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey-2006@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ гимназия № 49<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Educational Institution Gymnasium No. 49<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>40</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мамонтов А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мамонтов А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mamontov A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/109">https://religion.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/109</self-uri><abstract><p>Тема (можно даже сказать, загадка) циркумцеллионов — бунтарей, преследовавших римских землевладельцев и кафолических священников, — давно обращает себя внимание специалистов. Исходя из высказываний Оптата, Августина и более поздних авторов, а также отрывка из Кодекса Феодосия, современные ученые по-разному объясняют, кем были циркумцеллионы. Во многом подход исследователей зависит от их специализации и от того, какой источник они считают первостепенным. Например, Ш. Сомань, опиравшийся на фрагмент из римского закона, считал циркумцеллионов отдельным сословием — наемными сельскохозяйственными рабочими. Его взгляд стал основой для дальнейших исследований — например, Т. Бюттнер, Э. Тенгстрёма и др. Однако другие исследователи вернулись к рассмотрению циркумцеллионов как в первую очередь явления из истории церкви и, в частности, донатистского раскола (У. Х. К. Френд). В современной науке рассказы Оптата и Августина помещают и в более неожиданный контекст: проникновения христианского учения в сельскую местность (Л. Досси) и простонародного аскетизма (Б. Поттье). Существуют и попытки реанимировать теорию Соманя (Б. Шоу). Можно сказать, что в наше время представление о циркумцеллионах стало более комплексным. Перед нами предстают пестрая масса, собранная из представителей сельских низов, и некая форма народного христианства, проявлявшаяся в доступных этой массе религиозных практиках: аскезе, мученичестве, «праведном» насилии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The issue (or even the riddle) of Circumcellions, rebels and persecutors of Roman landowners and Catholic priests, had long attracted the scholarly attention. Deriving their views from the writings of Optate, Augustine and later authors, and also from a fragment of the Theodosian Code, modern historians perceive Circumcellions in different ways. Their treatment depends much on their actual research field and their source priority. For example, Ch. Saumagne, preferring the legal source, considered Circumcellions as a certain social group — agricultural wage laborers; some later scholars, like T. Büttner and E. Tengström, based their research on the same concept. Others regarded Circumcellions as an issue of the Church history and precisely of the Donatist schism (W. H. C. Frend). Modern historians view the stories of Optate and Augustine from more unexpected perspective: as a form of rural Christianity (L. Dossey) and popular asceticism (B. Pottier). B. Shaw made an attempt to revive Saumagne’s theory. Today our notion of Circumcellions is more complex. They seem to be a certain mixture of lower‑class rural population and a certain form of popular Christianity, manifesting itself in ways proper for that crowd: asceticism, martyrdom, and “righteous” violence.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>циркумцеллионы</kwd><kwd>агонистики</kwd><kwd>донатисты</kwd><kwd>мученичество</kwd><kwd>поздняя античность</kwd><kwd>Северная Африка</kwd><kwd>Оптат</kwd><kwd>Августин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Circumcellions</kwd><kwd>agonistics</kwd><kwd>Donatists</kwd><kwd>martyrs</kwd><kwd>Late Antiquity</kwd><kwd>North Africa</kwd><kwd>Optate</kwd><kwd>Augustine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 21-011-44180.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Букин М. А. 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